<p>The Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens or The Polasek, is a historic site in Winter Park, Florida, United States. It is located at 633 Osceola Avenue on three acres overlooking Lake Osceola. On May 2, 2000, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Garden is dedicated to preserving the works of Czech sculptor Albin Polasek, celebrating representational art and exhibiting regional and international artists.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1961, the Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens is home to an art collection focusing primarily on American representational sculpture created by Czech-American sculptor Albin Polasek.</p><br>
<p>Born in Moravia, Albin Polasek (1879-1965) immigrated to the United States in 1901 to work as a wood carver. He attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia and the American Academy in Rome. For 27 years he was head of the Department of Sculpture at the Art Institute of Chicago. He moved to Winter Park in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens is a nonprofit organization whose budget is funded by donations and memberships. All donations and dues go to support the Albin Polasek Foundation, which oversees the preservation, maintenance, and operation of the Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The museum itself is Polasek’s Mediterranean-style retirement home and studio. A lot of the original furnishings are on display. In 1961, Polasek opened his home and studio to the public. The museum is now a member of The Historic Artists’ Homes and Studios (HAHS), an affiliate program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The 36 sites included in HAHS are the living and work spaces of painters, sculptors, ceramicists, photographers, and furniture designers. The Polasek Museum is currently the only one in Florida.</p><br>
<p>The permanent collection of approximately 200 pieces includes sculpture by Polasek and his first wife, Ruth Sherwood, as well as antiquities from Polasek&#39;s collection. The galleries feature changing exhibitions of local artists for viewing and for sale. Special areas to visit in the garden include the butterfly garden, two water gardens, the cycad collection along the museum’s front drive and the many individual container gardens found throughout the property.</p><br>
<h2>The Capen-Showalter House</h2><br>
<p>Originally scheduled to be demolished back in 2013, The Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens, Winter Park History Museum, the Friends of Casa Feliz, and community supporters rescued the historic home by raising $450,000 to relocate it to the Polasek Museum. The home was cut into two halves and floated across Lake Osceola. The project won the 2014 Organizational Achievement Award from Florida Trust for Historic Preservation. The 4,200 square foot house contains museum offices, exhibits, and artwork. Workshops, meetings, and special events are also held at the home.</p><br>
<h2>Events and Programs</h2><br>
<p>The Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens hosts the annual Winter Park Paint Out. Twenty-five artists have seven days to publicly create works throughout the streets of Winter Park. Once completed the paintings are hung in the gallery’s ‘Wet Room’ and offered for sale to benefit the museum. During this week long event in April, the museum is free to the public.</p><br>
<p>Daily tours of the permanent collection and the Capen-Showalter House are available as part of regular admission.</p><br>
<p>The Palm Cottage Gardens, also known as the Henry Nehrling Estate, is a historic site in Gotha, Florida. On November 7, 2000, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Palm Cottage Gardens is the former home of famed horticulturalist Dr. Henry Nehrling, who purchased the property in 1885 to establish a garden where he could experiment with tropical and subtropical plants year round. As such, it was Florida&#39;s first experimental botanical garden, where Dr. Nehrling tested over 3,000 new and rare plants for the USA Department of Agriculture.</p><br>
<p>By the early 20th century, Palm Cottage Gardens was a popular destination for thousands of tourists, nature lovers, and new Florida settlers. It was visited by many prominent people of the era, such as Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Edison, Liberty Hyde Bailey, Theodore Luqueer Mead, and Dr. David Fairchild.</p><br>
<p>Of the 60 plus acres purchased by Henry Nehrling between 1885 and 1897, only the 6-acre homestead site remains; a portion of this extends into Lake Nally. The 1880s frame vernacular style home and semi-detached kitchen were moved by ox-cart to the site in the early 20th century. Remnants of the original 100-year-old tree canopy and many of his plantings still exist.</p><br>
<p>"Between 1885 and 1896, Dr. Henry Nehrling, one of Florida’s pioneer horticulturists and naturalists, purchased 65 acres in central Florida in the newly settled German-American town of Gotha. 25 acres of the best land was selected to develop one of Florida’s first tropical gardens, which he named “Palm Cottage Gardens”. The gardens quickly became a popular tourist destination, attracting thousands of visitors each year. In the early years Nehrling visited his garden annually from his home in Wisconsin, then in 1902 he moved his family to Gotha and at that time moved the 1880s Florida vernacular wood frame home and semi-detached kitchen/dining wing from its original site a mile away.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s Palm Cottage Gardens became one of Florida’s first USDA horticultural experimental stations where Dr. Nehrling tested more than 3000 plants. Over 300 of these became essential to the state’s ornamental horticulture, including caladiums, palms, bamboos, magnolias, amaryllis, Indian Hawthorne, and crinum lilies. He had acres of lath shade houses where he grew shade-loving plants such as the caladiums for which he is renowned. His detailed descriptions and observations of tropical and subtropical plants, written for a variety of magazines and scholarly journals, established him as a highly esteemed writer on the early development of ornamental horticulture in Florida.</p><br>
<p>After Nehrling’s death in 1929 the garden lay fallow until Julian Nally purchased the property in 1935. He and his wife Maggie successfully commercialized several species of bamboo and bromeliads, as well as Gloriosa lilies and orchids. They added several greenhouses to the property, which became well known as the Nally Bromeliad and Bamboo Plantation until their deaths in 1977. The property then was purchased and subdivided by developers, who preserved the original home on 6 acres in the middle of the development. The home site suffered from vandalism and many plants were taken.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 this remaining piece was rescued by Barbara and Howard Bochiardy, who worked to restore the home and gardens and added an architecturally compatible garage and workshop wing. But after Howard’s death in 1990 it became increasingly difficult for Barbara to maintain the home and garden.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, after years of disconnect with the garden’s original history, the Henry Nehrling Society was organized as a non-profit corporation with the express mission of saving this important piece of Florida’s pioneer history. The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Sites in 2000.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 the Society succeeded in purchasing the property to preserve the home and remaining historic genome in the gardens, and to create an education center and community resource focusing on historic preservation, horticultural education and environmental conservation.</p><br>
<p>In 2013 the official Florida Heritage Landmark marker was installed. Today the all-volunteer organization is working hard to rehabilitate Nehrling Gardens and raise the money needed to develop its full potential. Please join us in bringing new life to this remarkable site where young and old alike can walk in the footsteps of Dr. Nehrling and learn the joy of plants and the natural world.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the property was acquired by the Henry Nehrling Society, which aims to preserve the grounds and honor Dr. Nehrling&#39;s achievements.</p><br>
<p>The Maitland Art Center  is a historic site in Maitland, Florida. It was founded and designed by architect and artist J. Andre Smith  in 1937 as an artist colony, dedicated to experimental art. Funded by philanthropist Mary Curtis Bok, the colony hosted artists such as Ralston Crawford, Milton Avery, and Consuelo Kanaga. It is located at 231 West Packwood Avenue. On November 17, 1982, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Maitland Art Center is one of the five museums encompassed by the Art & History Museums - Maitland (A&H). The A&H&#39;s Maitland Art Center offers artist residency programs, a variety of art classes for adults and children, professional development for artists, and dynamic programming for art appreciation. The A&H is a non-profit organization funded by earned income and contributions by the City of Maitland, the State of Florida, United Arts of Central Florida, grants, and individual donations.</p><br>
<p>The A&H&#39;s Maitland Art Center is one of the few examples of Mayan Revival architecture, also known as Fantasy Architecture in the southeast. The grounds are a common location for outdoor weddings. The art center offers three areas for weddings: the Main Garden, the Chapel, and the Mayan Courtyard.</p><br>
<p>The Center (as The Research Studio (Maitland Art Center)) was designated a National Historic Landmark in August 2014.</p><br>
<p>Smith Cove  is a body of water, the northern part of Seattle, Washington&#39;s Elliott Bay, immediately south of the area that has been known since 1894 as Interbay. More precisely, it is the part of the bay that lies north of a line running southeasterly from the west end of Elliott Bay Marina in the northwest to the far northwest tip of Myrtle Edwards Park in the southeast.</p><br>
<p>It is home to the Port of Seattle&#39;s Piers 90 and 91, in addition to the marina.</p><br>
<p>The cove was named after Dr. Henry A. Smith of Wooster, Ohio, who, in 1853, was one of the first whites to settle in what is now Seattle. It was briefly a candidate to be the heart of the emerging city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Before 1900</h3><br>
<p>Although Smith Cove fell within the traditional geographic range of the Duwamish, early ethnographers did not record contact-era or earlier Native American villages in the immediate area of Smith Cove. Nonetheless, University of Washington ethnologist T. T. Waterman lists several native place names at or near Smith Cove. The mouth of one creek draining into the cove was called Silaqwotsid ("talking"). A creek just south of the bay (between Queen Anne Hill and the now-demolished Denny Hill was called T³E’kEp, after a type of aerial net used for snaring the ducks that flew from Lake Union toward Elliott Bay through the gap between the hills.</p><br>
<p>Early Euro-American settlers saw development potential around Smith Cove, farming on the flats and building houses on the nearby hillside. One of these was Ohio-born physician and poet Henry A. Smith (1830–1915), after whom Smiths Cove is now named. Smith and his wife, mother, and sister variously claimed or purchased much of what is now Interbay. Smiths original claim was on Salmon Bay near the present-day Ballard neighborhood, from which they acquired more land, moving south through what is now known as Interbay. In particular, the Smiths bought when so many other were selling during the 1855–56 Indian War (see Battle of Seattle (1856)). Smith established a settlement known as Boulevard roughly halfway between Smith Cove and Salmon Bay, near present-day West Dravus Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway (SLSER) bought all but 50 acre of the 9,600 acre the Smiths owned by that time. The SLSER served Boulevard, but did not build any major facilities at Smith Cove. That would be left to James J. Hill and his Great Northern Railway (one of the ancestors of todays BNSF). In 1892, the Great Northern purchased 600 acre at Smiths Cove and built Piers 38 and 39. These were located to the east of present-day Piers 90 and 91, and constituted the western terminus of a transcontinental railway. In 1896 the Nippon Yusen Kaisha used these piers as the North American terminus of the first regular steamship service between Asia and the Pacific Coast of North America. An important trade exporting lumber and importing silk and tea continued until the Maritime Strike of 1934 caused shipping lines, already beleaguered by the Great Depression, to shift operations to the Port of Los Angeles.</p><br>
<h3>1900-1933</h3><br>
<p>During the 1911–1916 construction of the Lake Washington Ship Canal along Salmon Bay, about 150 acre of Smith Cove tidelands were filled with material from the dredging. Some tidelands were also reclaimed as sanitary fill. The new Port of Seattle (formed 1911) built Fishermens Terminal on Salmon Bay and paid the Great Northern US$150,000 for the docks and approximately 20 acre of land at Smiths Cove. At Smiths Cove they developed two new coal and lumber piers, Pier 40 and 41 (renumbered in 1941 as Piers 90 and 91). Pier 41 was the largest pier on the Pacific Coast and believed to have been the worlds largest concrete pier at the time. These developments at either end of Interbay led to the increasing industrialization of the area.</p><br>
<p>In this era, Queen Anne Hill and Magnolia were already connected by several trestles crossing Interbay and spanning the railway. In 1910 another a bridge was proposed at West Garfield Street, spanning the Smith&#39;s Cove tidelands. By 1912 a wooden trestle had been built. The wooden trestle was replaced in 1930 by a concrete structure, improved in 1957 to provide a grade separation from Elliott Avenue Westand, in 1960 renamed</p><br>
<p>as the Magnolia Bridge.</p><br>
<h3>The Maritime Strike of 1934</h3><br>
<p>During the Maritime Strike of 1934, striking longshoremen faced off with police and strikebreakers in a series of daily skirmishes that became known as "The Battle of Smith Cove". With the support of the Teamsters, the strikers almost completely shut down rail and truck traffic in and out of the cove. Police beat longshoremen; longshoremen beat strikebreakers. There were several fatal bombings and shootings around the city, but Smith Cove was the focus of activity. On July 20, 1934 Mayor Charles L. Smith led the police in an attack on 2,000 longshoremen; the police used tear gas and clubs. On July 25 the strike was settled, but Seattle lost much of its maritime traffic to the Port of Los Angeles.</p><br>
<h3>Naval Supply Depot</h3><br>
<p>From 1939, the start of World War II in Europe fueled Puget Sound&#39;s shipbuilding industry; soon military activity also increased. The United States Navy attempted to take over the Smith Cove piers without compensation in March 1941, but ultimately paid the Port more than $3 million. Eventually the Navy bought another $17 million of surrounding land and developed the area north of the piers as a supply depot and a receiving station.</p><br>
<p>During an after the war these 253 acre of Smith Cove facilities (including 53 acre of covered storage) supported naval operations in the Pacific and Alaska. Warships, personnel transport vessels, and cargo vessels came and went. Facilities included 20 barracks for enlisted men, two barracks for WAVES, mess halls, recreation halls, an indoor swimming pool, a recreation field, a hospital, and a cafeteria for civilian workers.</p><br>
<p>Although scaled back after World War II, the Naval Supply Depot continued to serve the Navy and other military service branches through the Korean War and into the Vietnam War. However, it was eventually superseded by a new Naval Supply Center across Puget Sound at Bremerton; the Navy announced closure of its Smith Cove facility in March 1970. The Port of Seattle immediately leased some facilities. They then worked out a deal for the Coast Guard to move its facilities for seagoing vessels in 1973 from Pier 91 to the Port&#39;s facilities at Piers 36 and 37, and in 1974 purchased 198 acre of the Supply Depot property, including the piers, for $10,300,000.</p><br>
<p>The Navy retained some presence on the former Smith Cove tideflats until at least 1977, when a Naval correctional facility was still located there. Those functions were later moved to Sand Point Naval Support Activity, after a new brig was constructed there. The "Admiral&#39;s House" (aka "Quarters A") overlooking the site from Magnolia Bluff to the west, was sold in 2013. One military facility remains near the north end of the former tideflats: the Washington Army National Guard Armory is on the former site of a naval barracks, laundry, brig and mess hall. The National Guard leased the land beginning in 1973, and bought it in 1989.</p><br>
<h3>Since the 1970s</h3><br>
<p>Back under the control of the Port of Seattle, the Smith Cove facility served as a trans-shipment point for the construction of the Alaska Pipeline. Chempro took over the Navy&#39;s oil processing facilities at the cove. Once again, the Asian trade figured prominently. This time, the most prominent imports were Datsun (later Nissan) automobiles; Nissan retained a shipping and distribution center at Smith Cove from 1974 until 2001, part of which later was used as a service yard and maintenance facility for school buses. The most prominent exports were seafood delicacies. There are several cold storage facilities on the former tideflats serving the seafood trade, including CityIce, Trident Seafoods and Surefish Independent Inspection laboratories.</p><br>
<h2>The Fourteenth Avenue West Group</h2><br>
<p>The Fourteenth Avenue West Group, five late 19th-century houses now somewhat removed from the cove by landfill, originally were part of a Slavic and Finnish settlement along the cove. The houses were designated as city landmarks in 1979. The Finnish Brotherhood Hall (reused for various purposes) stood nearby for roughly a century on 15th Avenue West, but was eventually demolished.</p><br>
<p>The purchase of the Gilman house by Sharon Frances Young (later Southard) started the road to making the Fourteenth Avenue West Group a historical landmark. She and her husband, Robert Laurie Southard, owned the property from 1970 through 1980 and during that time, restored the Gilman house to its former glory, including replacing the fireplace mantel, and re-painting the exterior to a more traditional "firehouse" red with white trim. The house itself had modern amenities added as well, including a full cement basement and central heating. Prior to the Southards, the house relied solely on the one fireplace located in the front room for heating. The grounds surrounding the house included a raised yard with a monkey puzzle tree and camellia bush in the front, and a full lot in back used as a vegetable and fruit garden.</p><br>
<p>Tsimandria  is a village and a community in the southwestern part of Lemnos, a Greek island in the northern part of the Aegean Sea. It is part of the municipal unit of Nea Koutali. It is 1.5 km south of Portianou, 2 km east of Kontias, 4 km southwest of Nea Koutali and 10 km east of Myrina. The eastern half of the Fakos peninsula and the islets Kastria and Kompi are part of the community. In 2011 its population was 259.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From the late Byzantine period, there has been a monastery in the area of Tsimandria, known as "Pteris" or "Fteri". Since the 14th century it was a dependency of the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian on Patmos. The fate of the monastery after the Ottoman conquest is not precisely known: on the 1785 map by Choiseul-Gouffier a monastery was marked, but Conze only found ruins in 1858. Two chapels, of the Taxiarches (i.e. the archangels Gabriel and Michael) and of Saint John the Theologian, remain.</p><br>
<p>The village was first mentioned in 1569 as "Semandra". Other older versions of the name are "Smandria" and "Tzimandra". The village is built in a protected location behind the Filonikos hill. In 1856, it had 122 men who paid 1,909 piastres to escape conscription. It recorded 73 families in 1863 which rose slowly to 80 in 1874. The village had 96 houses in 1874. It was part of the municipality of Kontias. The village had a representative in the island council. Apart from rural occupations, there were also sailors.</p><br>
<p>On 8 October 1812, it was the first village in Lemnos that was liberated by the Greek Army that landed on the nearby coast of Vourlidia. In 1915 it hosted many soldiers from the United Kingdom and its colonies that participated in the failed Gallipoli Campaign, and from 1918 until 1921 Russian refugees, both soldiers of Wrangel&#39;s army and citizens.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, Tsimandria became a community. Between the two World Wars, the village experienced growth. It had 720 inhabitants and 120 houses. The school was extended, and a covered fountain was built in 1935 by the square. The cultivation of cotton was started, and a cultural society that promotes traditional music, songs and dances of Lemnos. The last living link with the past is the lyre player Thanasis Kotsinadellis. As the rest of Lemnos, Tsimandria lost a large part of the population due to emigration. From 700 inhabitants in 1951, it declined to 259 in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Diapori</h2><br>
<p>The small port Diapori is situated at the west side of the sandy isthmus that connects the Fakos peninsula with the rest of Lemnos. It is 2 km south of Tsimandria. There are a few small shipyards and taverns.</p><br>
<p>The Via Mizner is a historic site in Palm Beach, Florida. It is located at 337&ndash;339 Worth Avenue. On April 1, 1993, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>A “via” is derived from the Latin word meaning “way” or “path” and is defined by the World English Dictionary as a “way, road, channel, course of uncertain origin.”</p><br>
<p>Via Mizner meanders approximately eighty-five yards and connects Palm Beach’s premier shopping street, Worth Avenue, to Peruvian Avenue, one city block to the north.</p><br>
<p>The Via was created by the eccentric, visionary architect, Addison Mizner in 1923 after he had completed the Everglades Club (1918), his first major project in Palm Beach, Florida. Via Mizner is located across Worth Avenue from the-still exclusive club.</p><br>
<p>Caroline Seebohm, author of “Boca Rococo, How Addison Mizner Invented Florida’s Gold Coast” explains a Via as follows:</p><br>
<p>"Medieval Spanish castles had contained within their fortified walls what might be called ‘inner cities,’ where the soldiers and castle employees lived and worked. These walled urban areas were later transformed into commercial spaces.” Addison Mizner added: “They (the commercial spaces) usually faced on small winding streets and were entirely open to the people who traversed the narrow pathways."</p><br>
<p>It was in this spirit that Mizner set out to create Via Mizner. The result is a European-type, pedestrian village with complex, charming and irregular buildings that house shops, offices and residences. Via Mizner (and adjacent Via Parigi) is an interesting combination of Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture mixed with a touch of old Venice, adapted to South Florida’s tropical climate. The roofs are terracotta barrel tiles while the white stucco walls are punctuated with numerous, irregular shaped windows, wooden balconies, pecky-cypress accents and balustrades, many with decorative ironwork details. The staircases leading up to the residential units have risers made of colorful ceramic tiles while occasional palm trees reminds us of the tropical setting.</p><br>
<p>In a pre-mall era, Via Mizner became a unique experience in America, where one could get fresh air while walking and shopping in stores and galleries that were welcoming in a non-commercial atmosphere.</p><br>
<p>Via Mizner’s combination of architectural styles and decorative detail quickly became Palm Beach’s signature look. As the decades passed, countless architects, city planners and designers have copied Mizner’s unique design, which can be identified throughout Florida today.</p><br>
<p>Via Mizner houses twenty well-known shops and businesses as well as a small number of residential apartments. The most famed address is 1, Via Mizner, the architect’s own majestic, five-story, tower-like residence called “Villa Mizner.” The history of this residence is chronicled in Richard René Silvin&#39;s book Villa Mizner, the house that changed Palm Beach (2014). The architect designed the top floor as a single room, which he used as his office. Sixteen windows span the four sides of his office-floor and overlook the entire island of Palm Beach. Mizner’s pet monkey, Johnny Brown, is buried at the foot of the home’s 35-by-40 foot living room.</p><br>
<p>Via Mizner remains today exactly as Addison Mizner envisioned it to be.</p><br>
<p>The Bath House Cultural Center is the first of six neighborhood cultural centers built and operated by the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs. It is located on the east shore of White Rock Lake in east Dallas, Texas . It serves all of Dallas, especially the eastern region of the city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Bath House (one of the first Art Deco buildings in the southwest) is a Dallas Landmark and was originally completed in 1930. It was designed by Dallas architect Jon Carsey, who was influenced by the Paris Exposition of 1925. When it opened, the Municipal Bath House (as it was then known) was used by the citizens of Dallas as an escape from the summer heat. There was a sandy beach that extended from the building out into the lake, locker rooms on the ground floor and concession stands in the basement. In 1958 the Bath House closed and swimming was prohibited to allow the lake to be used as a water supply for the city. The building remained empty and unused for over twenty years. In 1980, the Dallas City Arts Program, the Park and Recreation Department and the East Dallas Chamber of Commerce joined together to renovate the old Bath House. It became the first neighborhood cultural center in the city.</p><br>
<h2>The Bath House Today</h2><br>
<p>Today the Bath House Cultural Center serves the artists and independent theatres of Dallas. It presents 15-20 exhibits and over 200 performances, concerts, festivals, workshops, lectures and other events per year.</p><br>
<p>Highlights of the building include:</p><br>
<p>A large gallery space for artist exhibitions</p><br>
<p>A black box theatre for theatrical performances and concerts</p><br>
<p>Outdoor amphitheatre</p><br>
<p>The Water Theatre, a public art piece designed to attract birds and other wildlife</p><br>
<p>Proximity to White Rock Lake Park</p><br>
<h3>White Rock Lake Museum</h3><br>
<p>Opened in 2004, the White Rock Lake Museum focuses on the park&#39;s natural history and cultural history of the area, including local wildlife, the Blackland Prairie and ancient Indian settlements.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Every summer, the Bath House produces the Festival of Independent Theatres. The festival serves as a showcase for various Dallas independent theatres without a permanent home and has become a signature event for the Bath House Cultural Center.</p><br>
<p>Every fall and spring the Bath House holds its semiannual Art Mart. The Art Mart showcases different artists from Texas (usually around 40). The artists work in a wide variety of media, including, painters, photographers, sculptors, metal workers, jewelry makers and many more. In addition to the art sale, there is food, music and a silent auction.</p><br>
<p>In September 2006 the Bath House Cultural Center celebrated its 25th anniversary.</p><br>
<h2>Other Dallas Cultural Centers</h2><br>
<p>Dallas City Performance Hall in the Arts District of downtown</p><br>
<p>Ice House Cultural Center in north Oak Cliff</p><br>
<p>Juanita Craft Civil Rights House in south Dallas</p><br>
<p>Latino Cultural Center in Deep Ellum</p><br>
<p>Meyerson Symphony Center in the Arts District of downtown</p><br>
<p>South Dallas Cultural Center in south Dallas</p><br>
<p>Crocker Mountain is a 4,228 ft peak located in Carrabassett Valley, Franklin County, Maine, in the United States. Crocker Mountain is the fourth highest mountain in the state after the Katahdins  and Sugarloaf Mountain, and is part of the Appalachian Mountains. Crocker Mountain is traversed by the Appalachian Trail , a 2,170 mi National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine.</p><br>
<p>A glacial cirque called "Crocker Cirque" is located between the main summit and the lower summit of South Crocker Mountain. Crocker Cirque contains a small pond and can be reached via the Appalachian Trail.</p><br>
<p>Brooks on the east side of Crocker Mountain feed the South Branch of the Carrabassett River, which flows into the Kennebec River, and into the Gulf of Maine. The northwest side of Crocker drains into Stoney Brook, then into Stratton Brook, Flagstaff Lake, and the Dead River, another tributary of the Kennebec. The southwest side of Crocker drains into Nash Stream, then into the South Branch of the Dead River.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland Mall is a long public park in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. It was conceived as part of the 1903 Group Plan by Daniel Burnham, John Carrère, and Arnold Brunner as a vast public space flanked by the city&#39;s major civic and governmental buildings, all built in the neoclassical style. Many of those buildings were built over the following three decades, including the Metzenbaum Courthouse , Cuyahoga County Courthouse , Cleveland City Hall , Public Auditorium , the Cleveland Public Library main building , and the Cleveland Public Schools Board of Education building . Other buildings include Key Tower, the Global Center for Health Innovation, the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>In the spirit of the City Beautiful movement, formerly seedy areas were transformed into a "magnificent civic center", which was supposed to be crowned by the Union Terminal at the north end of the mall, on the shores of Lake Erie. However, the location of the station was eventually moved south and west, to Public Square, where it was finally born as the Terminal Tower. Even though the plan was never fully carried out, it was one of the few City Beautiful plans to be realized to a large extent, and remains one of the most complete examples in the United States. The Mall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Mall is divided into three sections, known as Malls A, B, and C. Mall A, the southernmost, is officially named Veterans&#39; Memorial Plaza, and Mall C was dedicated as Strawbridge Plaza in 2003. The Memorial Plaza, between Rockwell and St. Clair Avenues, is the site of the Fountain of Eternal Life, also known as the War Memorial Fountain. The Cleveland Convention Center was built underneath Malls B and C in 1964. In 2010 the county purchased the underground convention center from the city as part of a project to completely rebuild it in conjunction with constructing the Global Center for Health Innovation and the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel on the former site of the Cuyahoga County Administration Building across from Mall B. The new Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland opened in 2013 and has underground connections to Public Auditorium and the Global Center for Health Innovation. The Hilton officially opened in June 2016. Mall B and Mall C reopened after construction as predominantly grassy areas, with Mall B reaching 27 feet above sidewalk level over the entrance to the Cleveland Convention Center along Lakeside Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Public art</h2><br>
<p>Cleveland Public Art has sponsored a series of temporary public art installations on Mall B. In 2004, New York artist Brian Tolle installed For the gentle wind doth move Silently, invisibly. The work featured eight nine-foot-tall styrofoam neoclassical urns standing atop pedestals, warped to reflect actual wind data collected from Lake Erie. The sculptures were taken down in 2006. In May 2008, Peter North and Alissa North of North Design Office in Toronto installed a work titled The Verdant Walk. It features plantings of native grasses and seven fabric-covered sculptures. The sculptures are illuminated at night via a solar-powered LED system. They will remain in place until 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Mary Washington House, at 1200 Charles Street in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is the house in which George Washington&#39;s mother, Mary Ball Washington, resided towards the end of her life. It is now operated as an 18th-century period historic house museum, one of several museums in Fredericksburg operated by Washington Heritage Museums.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George Washington purchased this house for his mother in 1772 for $275. It was located close to her daughter Betty Washington Lewis home, Kenmore Plantation, and close to the Rising Sun Tavern, owned by her son Charles Washington. George Washington was a frequent visitor, and came to this house to receive a blessing from his mother before his inauguration. Other frequent visitors included John Marshall, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson, Marquis de Lafayette, and members of the Lee family. She lived in this home until her death in 1789. Marys husband and George&#39;s father, Augustine Washington, had died in Fredericksburg in 1743.</p><br>
<p>The Mary Washington House is located near the college named for her, the University of Mary Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1891, Preservation Virginia (formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) acquired the house, which was scheduled to be disassembled for travel to the Chicago World&#39;s Fair for display. It was their second property acquisition, and the location where the Fredericksburg Branch was chartered.</p><br>
<p>Syracuse Lake is a natural lake bordering Syracuse in Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Lake Syracuse is bordered on the west by N. Front Street, Pickwick Road and the B&O Railroad on the south. On the east it is bordered by E. Shore Drive and on the north by E. Northshore Drive. It connects to Lake Wawasee by a channel on the south end.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Syracuse Lake is classified as a Trophic Class 1 lake having eutrophication index value of 10.</p><br>
<p>The lake is typical in structure of natural lakes of the glaciated portions of the upper Midwest. The lake is presently healthy and has balanced aquatic ecosystem (WAW 1995). It has a surface area of 1.67 km (414 acres) with a maximum depth of 10 m (34 ft) and an average depth of 3.9 m (13 ft).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pre-glaciation</h3><br>
<p>Around 1 million years ago, just prior to the Pleistocene epoch, northern Indiana was covered by the Teays River system, which flowed northwest out of Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio, entering Indiana at Adams County and flowing about 49 miles south of what is now Syracuse Lake.</p><br>
<h3>Post-glaciation</h3><br>
<p>After the last glaciation period, the land was left with kettle holes and hilly moraines. The land supported large vast Picea evergreen forests, and balsam poplar, which gave way to hardwoods of oak and hickory. Animal life consisted of Glyptodon, saber-toothed cat, mastodon, short-faced bear, dire wolf, ground sloth, giant beaver, peccary, stag-moose and ancient bison. Lakes would have sturgeon, whitefish, pike, pickerel, and muskellunge.</p><br>
<h3>Human inhabitation</h3><br>
<p>The ground around Syracuse Lake and Syracuse was first settled by the people of the Glacial Kame Culture who would leave behind artifacts and burial sites.</p><br>
<h3>The Syracuse dugout</h3><br>
<p>In 1959 Dick Jamison of Syracuse was fishing in 4 ft or 5 ft of water just off the southeast shore. He saw a wobbling image underwater of what he thought was a large water-soaked log with one end protruding from the green algae moss. The object had an unusual flat and sharp end and was hollowed out just back of the visible end. He and his father returned and removed moss, marl, and slime exposing a blackened dugout canoe made of a tulip tree measuring 21 feet (6.4 m) and between 3&ndash;4 feet (91&ndash;121 cm) wide. Age and exposure had rotted away most of the sides. It was thought that it belonged to Miami Indians or fur traders, or by very early settlers and that the canoe had been abandoned on the old shore of the lake prior to raising of the lake by the dam built in 1834.</p><br>
<h3>Indian Hill</h3><br>
<p>Indian Hill is located on the north shore of Syracuse Lake 1.5 miles to the east of the town of Syracuse. It was a cemetery for the Indians of the area, who interred their dead in trees. Eventually the wrapping around the dead would disintegrate, causing the skeletal remains to fall to the ground.</p><br>
<h3>Accounts of sturgeon</h3><br>
<p>In 1912 a Bing Raymond caught a 32 in sturgeon in Lake Syracuse off the lake&#39;s extreme northwest side, near a place called China. Yet another sturgeon was seen about the same year by four men in the lake. The third account occurred in the 1920s when a Charlotte White discovered a disabled sturgeon measuring 7 ft, 3 inches and weighing 130 lb suffocated by a pair of waterwings caught in its gills.</p><br>
<h2>Current population</h2><br>
<p>Syracuse, like its neighbor, Lake Wawasee, is lined with many homes used seasonally and by those who live there year round.</p><br>
<h2>Resources</h2><br>
<p>Lilly, Eli. Early Wawasee Days. Indianapolis: Studio Press Inc., 1960.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The West Palm Beach Armory Art Center  is a historic site in West Palm Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 1703 South Lake Avenue. On June 11, 1992, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Armory building was constructed in 1939 in Art Deco style by architect William Manley King with Works Progress Administration (WPA) funds. It was occupied by the National Guard Armory from 1939-1982. During the 1950s and 1960s, the building was used for Palm Beach High School dances and other community events. In 1987, the Norton School of Art decided to close their doors and left 250 students and 40 faculty members with nowhere to have art classes. Robert and Mary Montgomery heard about the lack of space for an art center and made a $100,000 donation to open the Robert and Mary Montgomery Armory Art Center. The Center opened its doors in 1987 and has rented the building from Palm Beach County for $1 a year for the last 20 years. In 2002, Robert and Mary Montgomery donated $1 million to transfer their name to the historic building and remove it from the name of the organization which became simply Armory Art Center.</p><br>
<p>The Andrews Memorial Chapel is an historic Carpenter Gothic style former Presbyterian church building now located at 1899 San Mateo Drive in Dunedin, Florida. It was built in 1888 as the Andrews Memorial Church on the corner of Scotland Street and Highland Avenue. Its name was carried over from an 1871 Presbyterian church located where the Dunedin Cemetery is now and commemorates William Andrews, son of John G. Andrews, who "died while riding a horse in a violent storm." The church is located next to Hammock Park .</p><br>
<p>In 1926 the building was renamed Andrews Memorial Chapel and moved south on Scotland Street to make way for what is now the First Presbyterian Church of Dunedin. In 1970 it was bought by the Dunedin Historical Society, which had it cut in half and moved to its present location. Restoration work began in 1974. Today it is open for visits on Sundays from 2 to 4 PM, and is maintained by the society as a popular venue for weddings, concerts and other events.</p><br>
<p>On July 31, 1972, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Castello Brown is a house museum located high above the harbour of Portofino, Italy.</p><br>
<p>The castles site is well suited for harbour defence, and appears to have been so used since the 15th century. According to the Record Office of Genoa, cannon batteries were constructed on the site in the early 16th century, and military engineer drew up plans for a full fortress circa 1554. The resultant castello was completed by 1557, and, in 1575, was instrumental in turning back an attack on the town by Giò Andrea Doria. The structure was enlarged from 1622 to 1624, and survived in this form for a century and a half. The little tower was destroyed in 1798 by an English attack during Napoleons Ligurian Republic. The castello was abandoned after the Congress of Vienna in 1815.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, the structure was purchased for 7,000 lire by Montague Yeats-Brown, then English consul in Genoa. He engaged the architect, and with advice from his artist friend and fellow-consul James Harris the fort was transformed to a comfortable villa without substantial alteration in its general form. His descendants held the property until 1949, then sold it to an English couple, Colonel and Mrs. John Baber, who restored several ruined sections, until they in turn sold it in 1961 to the City of Portofino.</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth von Arnim wrote her book The Enchanted April at the castello in 1922. The 1992 movie was also filmed there.</p><br>
<p>The Lemon Bay Womans Club is a historic womans club in Englewood, Florida, United States. It is located at 51 North Maple Street. On August 11, 1988, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Lemon Bay Womans club was organized by Dr. Mary Green who was a school teacher in Englewood. Originally named the Lemon Bay Mothers Club, a name retained until April 1924, the club played an important role in the development of the religious, educational, civic and political life of Englewood. Construction on the prairie style clubhouse was begun in September 1925 on two lots donated in Lampp subdivision by A. Stanley and Winifred E. Lampp. Englewood, incorporated in 1925, and the surrounding area then boasted 300 residents.</p><br>
<p>Sarasota architects Thomas Reed Martin and Clare C, Hosmer, formerly of Chicago, donated their design services for the building. Carpenters Pat Lampp, Fred Clark, and Leroy Bastedo were responsible for the clubhouse construction. The building originally consisted of a screened veranda and one large meeting room featuring a brick fireplace and a semi-circular stage, for which total construction cost was 3,120. A housewarming held on February 19, 1926, attracted 200 persons. Official incorporation, a year later, occurred under the direction of Charlotte Wellington, president.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, under the leadership of Mrs. Hallie Green, members started a school library and maintained a lending library at the club until 1962. Surviving the depression and the loss of its $37 treasury when banks failed, the club continued to hold fish fries, nature study classes, dances, card parties, plays, musical programs, travelogues and lectures. The club retired its mortgage on February 24, 1938. The note was burned at a gala meeting on March 4, 1938</p><br>
<p>Between 1926 and 1970 the club served as a sanctuary for many Englewood churches and as a meeting place for various organizations. The Englewood Community Church was the first congregation to meet at the club. Others included the Community Presbyterian Church, First Baptist Church, St. Raphaels Catholic Church, St. Davids Episcopal Church, Evangelical Free Church, Church of God, Church of Christ, First Methodist Church, and Calvary Baptist Church. During World War II the building was turned over to the American Red Cross. The club was the first building in Englewood to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Little Salt Spring is an archaeological and paleontological site in North Port, Florida, United States. It is located directly off Price Boulevard between US 41 and I-75 adjacent to Heron Creek Middle School in the city of North Port. On July 10, 1979, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Little Salt Spring is a feature of the karst topography of Florida, specifically an example of a sinkhole. It is classified as a third magnitude spring. The numerous deep vents at the bottom of the sinkhole feed oxygen-depleted groundwater into it, producing an anoxic environment below a depth of about 5 m. This fosters the preservation of Paleo-Indian and early Archaic artifacts and ecofacts, as well as fossil bones of the extinct megafauna once found in Florida.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was thought that Little Salt Spring was a shallow freshwater pond, but in the 1950s SCUBA divers discovered that it was a true sinkhole extending downward over 200 ft, similar to the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula (another karst region). The actual depth of the surface pond is 40 ft with a central shaft dropping vertically to an inverted cone with a maximum determined depth at the outer edges of 245 ft. There are ledges around the wall of the cenote at 16 and below the present water level.</p><br>
<p>The site has been owned by the University of Miami since 1980, with research performed by the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. In 2013, Miami began considering selling the site to Sarasota County due to funding being cut towards maintaining the site and its facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric human use</h2><br>
<p>The water level in the spring has varied over time. Twelve to thirteen thousand years ago the ocean level was about 100 meters (more than 300 feet) lower than at present, drawing down the water table in Florida, and the water level in Little Salt Spring was 27 m lower than at present. The basin around the spring and a slough extending away from it are filled with moist, soft peat. Hundreds of burials dating from 5,200 to 6,800 years ago have been found in the slough. As has happened in other wetland burials in Florida, such as at the Windover Archaeological Site, brain matter survived in many of the skulls. In the 1970s the overturned shell of an extinct giant land tortoise was found on the 27 m ledge. A wooden stake had been driven between the carapace and the plastron, and there is evidence of a fire under the tortoise. It appears that the tortoise had been cooked in its shell. The radiocarbon date for the wooden stake was 12,030 years ago; a bone from the tortoise was dated to 13,450 years ago. Large numbers of human bones have been recovered from the spring itself, but were not collected under controlled conditions.</p><br>
<p>The Trelleborg  west of Slagelse on the Danish island of Zealand, is one of seven Viking ring castles discovered as of 2014. In its day, the fortress was situated on a peninsula that jutted into the swampy area between two rivers. The swamp was connected to the Great Belt by a lake that at its time could be navigated by Viking ships. Trelleborg is believed to have been ordered by King Harald Bluetooth in the year 980 AD and it might have commanded the Great Belt and its sea traffic, between the islands of Zealand and Funen.</p><br>
<p>Trelleborg is the best preserved of the Viking ring fortresses and there is a museum here since 1995 - Trelleborg Museum -, presenting the story of this particular fortress and the nearby area. Some of the artifacts found in connection with the archaeological excavations are on display at the museum, while others are on display at the Nationalmuseet in Copenhagen. Slagelse Municipality has recently granted DK 25 mio. to update Trelleborg Museum with digital and virtual technology, in a project known as Ny Trelleborg. In collaboration with the other Viking ring castles, the project is also applying for admission to UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<h2>Layout and construction</h2><br>
<p>Similar to the other Viking ring castles found so far, the Trelleborg at Slagelse was designed as an exact circle with two roads crossing at right angles in the geometric center, leading to four gates with two gates always opposite each other. In each of the four quarters stood four almost identical longhouses arranged in a square. Unlike other ring castles, Trelleborg was extended with a sort of bailey. The whole fortress may have supplied room for some 1,300 people.</p><br>
<h3>Main castle</h3><br>
<p>The circular main castle was surrounded by a 5 m high rampart, 17.5 m wide at the base and with a diameter of 137 m. The outer walling was made of oak. Two rows of poles were supported by slanted beams from the outside and the room in between the poles was filled with loam and stones. The inside walling was also clad with wood and the two facades were reinforced by beams connecting the two. In the east, there was a 5 m broad berm protected by a ditch with a pointed profile, 17 m wide and 4 m deep. The ditch was not filled with water and had a palisade at its base. The two roads were covered with wood, and the four gates lined with stones on the inside. As in Fyrkat, there may have been a circle path along the inner side of the ramparts.</p><br>
<p>The fortifications encircled a total of 16 longhouses arranged in four squares 29.42 m long each. The houses had a somewhat ship-like form as the long walls were bulging outwards. Each house had four entrances, two at the short ends and two in the long walls, and was divided into three rooms with a large central hall (18 x 8 m) and two smaller rooms at the ends. The doors were protected by porches. Besides the large longhouses, there were also smaller houses to the north of the north eastern quarter, two small houses in the inner yard of the northeastern and southwestern quarter and a little square hut, each near the northern and western gates.</p><br>
<h3>Bailey</h3><br>
<p>This part of the fortress seems unique, as other ring castles lack this feature apparently. So far only Aggersborg, Fyrkat and Trelleborg has been fully excavated as of 2006. The bailey was protected by a rampart of its own to the east. The 14 longhouses of the bailey, each 26.33 meters long, were placed with their axis through the length of the buildings pointing to the center of the main castle.</p><br>
<p>In an extension of this bailey is a cemetery of 135 graves. Most of the buried were found to be young men, but a few were women or children. Three graves contains mass burials, one for five and the other for eleven persons. Over two-thirds of the graves had no grave offerings, the others only had few pieces, weapons being rather rare. Only two graves were rich in items. One was a woman&#39;s grave with pearls, a bronze bucket, a wood casket and game stones. The other was the grave of a man with a bronze bowl and a silver adorned axe. The large amount of simple graves may indicate a Christian influence. Graves of horsemen were found on surrounding higher grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation and finds</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated from 1934 to 1942. Most of the finds at Trelleborg, reflects a relatively peaceful daily life here and includes every day utensils such as pottery, locks, keys, fittings, knives, whetstones, combs, weaving weights, scissors and needles. A few craftsmen here were engaged in silver, gold and bronze work of a more delicate nature.</p><br>
<p>Weapons such as iron axes, arrow points and parts of shields were also found and there are strong indications of a battle and castle attack taking place at some point during the castles short lifespan. 19 arrowheads were found buried deep into the ramparts and gates. Combined with the three mass graves, this is taken as solid evidence. The slain soldiers were quickly buried in the massgraves, many of them showing deep cuts and lethal wounds from close combat weapons. Strontium analysis of the skeletal remains has revealed that a larger part of the dead, originated from what we now know as Norway and Poland and are therefore thought to have been foreign mercenaries, stationed here as castle guards. This discovery falls in line with Harald Bluetooths strong alliance with the Obotrite slavs through his marriage with Tove, daughter of prince Mstivoj. Harald later fled to the town of Wolin (then known as Jumne), where he died from his wounds after fighting off his persecuters in 986-87 AD.</p><br>
<h2>Dating</h2><br>
<p>Datings by dendrochronology, have found the wood used for the constructions to have been felled in the fall of 980 AD and subsequently used for building, presumably in the spring of 981 AD. The rather short construction time and the complete lack of any signs of maintenance, indicate an only short use of the buildings of no more than perhaps 10–15 years. Parts of the fortress, such as the outer eastern rampart was probably never completed before the site was abandoned. Archaeological finds shows that Trelleborg was under attack at some point, resulting in several dead soldiers and signs of fire, suggests the castle might have been destroyed by fire. The regions around the gates show signs of longer usage though.</p><br>
<p>Older, previous datings put the castle near the year 1000 AD.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The landscape surrounding the Trelleborg, has changed considerably since the Viking Age, due to a land rise known as post-glacial rebound, affecting this part of the world, and the previous swamp has shrunk to a small bog, while the two rivers of Vårby Å and Tude Å, has reduced to narrow streams.</p><br>
<p>In 1948, one of the longhouses was reconstructed on the site, but more recent investigations have since led to other opinions on its true original design. Today the site of the Trelleborg is an open-air museum with some buildings for exhibits. The museum was established in 1995, and from 1999-2004 the Danish historian Kåre Johannessen was the curator at the museum. There are plans for expanding and updating the exhibits and the municipality of Slagelse has also initiated a large nature restoration project of the entire river valley of Tude Å, including the trelleborg.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the book Eaters of the Dead by Michael Crichton, Trelleborg (mentioned as Trelburg) was a stop on Ibn Fadlan&#39;s journey. In the footnotes, Crichton confirmed that this was indeed Trelleborg near Slagelse.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Steen Wulff Andersen: Vikingeborgen Trelleborg. Museet ved Trelleborg, 1995</p><br>
<p>Steen Wulff Andersen: Trelleborg. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Bd. 31. Berlin 2006. S. 157–160.</p><br>
<p>Bent Jørgensen: Et gensyn med navnet Trælleborg. In: Gillian Fellows-Jensen, Niels Lund: Beretning fra fjortene tværfaglige vikingesymposium 1995.</p><br>
<p>Eva Nyman: Trælleborg. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Bd. 31. Berlin 2006. S. 118–119.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bigelow  is a long mountain ridge with several summits. It is located in Franklin County and Somerset County, Maine. It is one of Maines highest summits. The mountain is named after Major Timothy Bigelow who climbed the rugged summit in late October 1775 "for the purpose of observation." Major Bigelow was one of Colonel Benedict Arnolds four division commanders during the 1775 Invasion of Canada. The expeditionary force passed along the Dead River on the northern edge of the Bigelow Range, now dammed into Flagstaff Lake.</p><br>
<p>The highest summit of Bigelow Mountain is West Peak, at 4,145 ft. Subpeaks include Avery Peak (Myron H. Avery Peak) at 4,088 ft, The Horns at 3,805 ft, Cranberry Peak at 3,194 ft, and Little Bigelow Mountain at about 3,070 ft. The Maine Appalachian Trail Club (MATC) maintains the trails on Bigelow Mountain and stations seasonal caretakers at the popular backcountry campsites at Horns Pond and Bigelow Col.</p><br>
<p>Bigelow Mountain is part of the Rangeley-Stratton mountain range, which also includes Sugarloaf Mountain, Crocker Mountain, Saddleback Mountain, Mount Abraham, Mount Redington, and other mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail traverses Bigelow Mountain. Much of the mountain and surrounding area is part of the 10,540 acre Bigelow Preserve, created in 1976 in response to a massive proposed ski resort.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Mountain Club considers both the West Peak and Avery Peak of Bigelow to be "four-thousand footers" because Avery Peak rises more than 200 ft above the col that adjoins it to the higher West Peak. By this same criteria, the South Horn of Bigelow, while under 4,000 ft, qualifies for the New England Hundred Highest list.</p><br>
<p>Maungauika is a volcano forming a headland called North Head at the east end of the Waitematā Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand in the suburb of Devonport. Known for its sweeping views over the harbour and the Hauraki Gulf, since 1885 the head was mainly used by the military as a coastal defence installation, which left a network of accessible old bunkers and tunnels as its legacy, forming part of the attraction. The site was protected as part of Hauraki Gulf Maritime Park in 1972 and listed as a Category I historic place in 2001. As part of a 2014 Treaty of Waitangi claim settlement the volcanic cone was officially named Maungauika and the reserve renamed Maungauika / North Head Historic Reserve. Maungauika is the Māori word for Mountain of Uika.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Māori usage</h3><br>
<p>The original scoria cone has been substantially altered, first by marine erosion and later by the various generations of people who have occupied the headland. It was first used by Māori, and the Tainui waka was reputed to have put ashore close by at what is now Torpedo Bay. The Tainui people named the spring Takapuna, which was later used for the nearby beach. Some early photographs of the area show that they used to work gardens on the hill&#39;s lower slopes, though the pā fortifications of other cones in the area seem absent. European visitors during the 1850s have also described a settlement at the foot of the hill with gardens and racks for the drying of fish.</p><br>
<h3>Military use</h3><br>
<p>North Head provided the settlement of Auckland with its first pilot station for the guiding of ships into the harbour. In 1878, the area was then set aside as a public reserve - with the stipulation that if necessary, it could be re-appropriated for the New Zealand Army to use for defence purposes. In 1885, this then became reality. When the Russian scare was at its height, forts were built in various places around Auckland to deter the Russians.</p><br>
<p>The defences consisted of three gun batteries: North Battery facing over the Rangitoto Channel, South Battery facing over the inner harbour, and Summit/Cautley Battery on the top of the hill. These first fortifications were hastily constructed, but later expanded and strengthened over 25 years by convict labor of up to 40 prisoners living in a barracks on the hilltop. The prisoners added extensive tunnel systems, underground store rooms, and various observation posts. The armaments of the fort included 64 pounder Armstrong disappearing guns, searchlights, and a remote-detonated naval minefield across the inner harbour to Bastion Point. None of the armaments were ever used in anger. A four-gun memorial saluting battery of 18 pounder World War I field guns was used, among other occasions, to salute Queen Elizabeth II on her visit in 1953.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, part of the fort received modernisation. Then during World War II, it became the administrative centre of Auckland&#39;s coast defenses, with the regimental headquarters buildings still surviving today. The coastal defences were scrapped in 1950, though one of the disappearing guns remained behind - obsolete and too difficult for the scrap merchant who bought it to disassemble and remove. After the army had left, the area was turned into a reserve again, though the New Zealand Navy kept an area around the summit for a training school.</p><br>
<h3>Modern use</h3><br>
<p>Since the Navy school left the summit area in 1996, the Department of Conservation has administered the area as a reserve, which provides for beautiful walks along the waterline or onto the summit with good views of Rangitoto Island and Auckland due the prominent height of the hill. Also popular are exploratory forays to the gun emplacements and into the tunnel system, which is open to the public to a substantial degree, though torches are needed to explore it.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s and early 1990s there were reports of strange chemical smells and rumours of hidden caverns underneath the hill. Some tales even told of airplanes hidden in secret storerooms. As it was feared that old ammunition was decaying in forgotten parts of the fortifications, a major investigation was started, involving documentary research, geological tests and substantial exploratory digging was done around the hill. The research however, found little of new import.</p><br>
<h3>Treaty settlement</h3><br>
<p>In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement with the Tamaki Makaurau Collective of 13 Auckland iwi, the volcano was officially given the name Maungauika and the associated reserve was renamed "Maungauika/North Head Historic Reserve". Ownership was vested to the collective for the common benefit of the Tāmaki Makaurau iwi and hapū and all other people of Auckland.</p><br>
<p>The Whitewater Canal, which was built between 1836 and 1847, spanned a distance of seventy-six miles and stretched from Lawrenceburg, Indiana on the Ohio River to Hagerstown, Indiana.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Birth of a canal</h3><br>
<p>As with most transportation improvements during the early nineteenth century, industry paved the way within individual states. After successful canal development projects further east in the United States, it would not be long until canals would soon be dug across the Midwest. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 paved the way for improvement projects across the United States and changed the course of American transportation history. The Erie Canal was an immediate financial success. This really set the precedent for future canals and proved canals could provide a viable contribution to local economies.</p><br>
<p>Amidst all of this there was the need for a high-speed transportation system that could link the Whitewater Valley to the Ohio River. Before the canal, farmers had to transport their goods and livestock to Cincinnati, Ohio on badly rutted and often impassable roads. The journey to Cincinnati could take several days.</p><br>
<p>In 1836 the Indiana State Legislature approved the Mammoth Internal Improvement Act, which allowed for the development of the Whitewater Canal and a host of other improvements throughout Indiana.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The Whitewater Canal was built based on an 1834 survey conducted by Charles Hutchens. The design called for a canal seventy six miles long starting at Nettle Creek near Hagerstown and following the river valley through Connersville, Brookville and into Harrison, Ohio, then back into Indiana to finish at Lawrenceburg. In the 76 mi the canal dropped 491 ft. This a very ambitious route as it was quite steep and required the crossing of the Whitewater over an aqueduct at Laurel as well as several other streams of lesser size. The 491 ft drop compares the Erie Canal which dropped 500 ft but did so in 300 mi. The Wabash & Erie Canal dropped 450 ft in 460 mi while the Chesapeake & Ohio dropped 538 ft in 184 mi. That meant that the Whitewater descended 6.4 feet per mile compared to the Chesapeake & Ohio at 2.9 feet per mile, the Erie at 1.7 feet per mile and the Wabash & Erie at 1 foot per mile. The steepness became a problem whenever heavy rains came.</p><br>
<p>Because of the steep grade the canal required 56 locks and seven dams.</p><br>
<p>The canal was started as a state project and ground was broken on September 13, 1836. The first boat arrived in Brookville from Lawrenceburg on June 8, 1839. Because of budget problems construction was suspended in August 1839 not to be resumed until 1842.</p><br>
<p>In 1842 the state of Indiana transferred its ownership in the canal to the White Water Valley Canal Company which was required to complete the canal to Cambridge City in five years. By 1843 boats were arriving in Laurel. 1845 saw the canal operating into Connersville. The canal company was running out of money and borrowed from Henry Valette of Cincinnati to finish the canal into Cambridge City from Connersville. From Cambridge City to Hagerstown the Canal was built by the Hagerstown Canal Company and was finished in 1847.</p><br>
<h3>Canal decline</h3><br>
<p>The Whitewater Canal was a short venture, but it left a lasting mark on the communities it traveled through. The canal development project was funded under the Act of 1836 and was allotted $1,400,000 to build the canal through the Whitewater Valley. This was a huge sum at the time and investors did not take out many loans due to the prediction that they stood to make considerable profit. In fact it was the Mammoth Internal Improvement Act of 1836 that ended up straining the coffers of the State of Indiana. Indiana went bankrupt during the summer of 1839. Therefore, canal construction was halted until 1842.</p><br>
<p>In November 1847 the Whitewater Valley flooded and many sections of the canal were washed out. The section between Harrison and Lawrenceburg was never rebuilt. This effectively ended the canal era in Lawrenceburg after only eight years of service, and only a few months after the canal was finished to Hagerstown. It was ten months before the canal was again operational north of Harrison. Debt incurred to finance repairs in 1847 were a serious problem for the rest of the canals active history.</p><br>
<h4>White Water Valley Canal Company</h4><br>
<p>The White Water Valley Canal Company was granted a charter by the Indiana General Assembly of 1825-26. The company was set up after the State of Indiana could no longer afford to finish the Whitewater Canal system. The White Water Valley Canal Company finished the canal through Cambridge City, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>It constructed the Canal House at Connersville in 1842. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h4>Hagerstown Canal Company</h4><br>
<p>Hagerstown was supposed to be the northern most terminus of the Whitewater Canal, but after the state went bankrupt, Hagerstown was forced to finance and construct its own canal to Cambridge City. The Hagerstown Canal Company completed an eight-mile (13 km) long canal between Hagerstown and Cambridge City in 1847.</p><br>
<h4>Cincinnati And Whitewater Canal</h4><br>
<p>A connecting canal built to reach Cincinnati was known as the Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal. This canal was built by Ohio interests and went from Harrison to Cincinnati. It was completed in 1843 and replaced Lawrenceburg as the end of the line after the 1847 November flood. This stretch of canal closed in 1862 and was used as a railroad right-of-way at that time. A canal tunnel constructed to obviate a ridgeline at Cleves still exists, although badly silted up.</p><br>
<h2>The Whitewater Canal today</h2><br>
<p>Little is left of the Whitewater Canal today. Some towpath was bought by the Whitewater Valley Railroad Company and has been used in various train operations over the years. A section of the rail line is still in use as a tourist railroad. The Whitewater Valley Railroad operates between Connersville, Indiana and Metamora, Indiana. The remains of many of the canal locks on this section of the canal can still be seen as well as the diversion dam near Laurel, Indiana that was rebuilt in the 1940s and provides water for the restored canal section in Metamora as well as the mill.The restored grain mill in Metamora which runs on water provided by the canal shows that transportation was not the only use of the canal. Hydro power was in use for many decades after the canal was closed as a transportation route and even was used to generate electricity in Connersville in the early part of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The most visible area of the Whitewater Canal that exists today is in Metamora. This section from the Laurel Feeder Dam to Brookville was listed on listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Whitewater Canal Historic District. Here the Canal Era is recreated and tourists can stroll through a nineteenth-century town. There are museums, shopping, eateries, and you can even take a horse drawn ride on the canal.</p><br>
<h3>Civil Engineering Landmark status</h3><br>
<p>An aqueduct carries the canal over Duck Creek at Metamora. It is a twentieth-century reconstruction of the wooden aqueduct built in 1846 to replace an earlier one that had been washed out by a flood, and was listed as a National Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in 1992.</p><br>
<h3>Cities along the canal</h3><br>
<p>Cincinnati, Ohio - by way of Cincinnati and Whitewater Canal and Ohio River</p><br>
<p>Harrison, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Lawrenceburg, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Brookville, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Metamora, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Laurel, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Connersville, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Milton, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Cambridge City, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Hagerstown, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Lake Copais, also spelled Kopais or Kopaida , was a lake in the centre of Boeotia, Greece, west of Thebes. It was drained in the late 19th century. The area where it was located, though now a plain, is still known as Kopaida.</p><br>
<h2>Drainage</h2><br>
<p>When the lake existed, the towns of Aliartos (ancient Haliartus), Orchomenus, and Chaeronea were on its shores. Rivers feeding the lake included the Cephissus, Termessus and Triton. The lake was (and is) surrounded by fertile land, but the lake increasingly encroached on the surrounding land because of inadequate drainage. In response to this, in 1867–1887 Scots and French engineers reclaimed the land for the British Lake Copais Company, by building channels to drain water from the lake to the Cephissus and from there to Lake Yliki (Ylíki Limní, ancient Hylica). In total about 200 km&sup2; were reclaimed. This land was returned to the Greek government in 1952.</p><br>
<p>The Kopais Lake Agency was created in 1957 to supervise the draining of the lake and building of a new road. The task was completed that same year, but the agency with full-time staff of 30 (including a driver for the president of the agency) still existed until 2010.</p><br>
<p>Before this the lake drained into the sea by numerous subterranean channels. Some of these channels were artificial, as the 1st century geographer Strabo recorded. Modern excavation has found enormous channels dug in the 14th century BCE which drained water into the sea to the northeast; Strabo mentions work being done on these channels by an engineer named Crates of Chalcis in the time of Alexander the Great.</p><br>
<h2>Lake Copais in ancient literature and mythology</h2><br>
<p>Homer and other ancient authors refer to Copais as the "Cephisian lake", named for the river Cephissus. Strabo, however, argues that the poetic expression refers to the smaller Lake Hylice (the modern Lake Yliki), between Thebes and Anthedon.</p><br>
<p>There was a legend that the lake came into being when the hero Heracles flooded the area by digging out a river, the Cephissus, which poured into the basin. Polyaenus explains that he did this because he was fighting the Minyans of Orchomenus: they were dangerous horseback fighters, and Heracles dug the lake in order to unhorse them. Another story has the lake overflow in the mythical time of Ogyges, resulting in the Ogygian deluge.</p><br>
<p>The travel writer Pausanias and the 5th century BCE comic playwright Aristophanes record that in antiquity Lake Copais was known for its fish, especially the eels.</p><br>
<p>The Juliana Canal , named after Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, is a 36 km long canal in the southern Netherlands, providing a bypass of an unnavigable section of the river Meuse between Maastricht and Maasbracht. It is an important transport connection between the ports of the Rhine delta and the industrial areas of southern Limburg and southern Belgium.</p><br>
<p>The Juliana Canal was constructed in the 1920s and 1930s, and opened in 1935. It was important for the development of coal mining in southern Limburg (terminated in the 1970s), since it is suited for larger ships than the older Zuid-Willemsvaart, which runs from &#39;s-Hertogenbosch to Maastricht, partly through Belgium. The Juliana Canal runs parallel to the Meuse, at maximum 3 km east of the river. Between Maasbracht and Maastricht, the canal gains approximately 25 m of elevation. There are locks at Limmel (near Maastricht), Born, and Maasbracht. Until 1965, there used to be another lock near Roosteren. When the locks of Born and Maasbracht were modernized, these became unnecessary and were destroyed. There are ports at Maastricht, Stein, Born and Maasbracht. The port at Stein used to be the second large inland port in Europe, after Duisburg in Germany. This was because of the Dutch State Mines. All the coal mines the Netherlands had were in this area. Today, DSM still owns a part of the port.</p><br>
<p>During the construction of the canal, several challenges had to be overcome. Near Elsloo, the builders had to dig deep into a steep hill, called the Scharberg. At this section, the canal is built between a steep hill on one side, and the river Meuse on the other side, only 50 metres away. Here, archeologists found many teeth, dating back to the Miocene. Unlike a normal canal, the Juliana Canal was not completely dug. Because of the difference in height, the canal couldn&#39;t be built in the ground, so the constructors made huge dikes. The height of the dike can vary from none to almost 50 metres. The bottom of the canal was then covered with a thick layer of rocks, coming from the river Meuse.</p><br>
<p>In World War II the canal had an important strategic role. In 1940, it stopped the German troops invading Flanders. This gave the Belgians more time to mobilize their army and strengthen their defence lines. When the Netherlands surrendered, the Germans built a lot of bunkers on both sides of the canal. In 1944, when the allied forces where chasing after the retreating Germans, they were also stopped by the canal, as the Germans blew up all the bridges.</p><br>
<p>After the war, almost all of the old steel arch bridges were repaired. The bridge of Elsloo, standing higher above the canal and being much longer than the other bridges, could not be replaced until the 1960s. Today, it&#39;s the only bridge (except the highway bridge to Belgium, built in the 1970s) that has no arch.</p><br>
<p>On January 27, 2004, the canal became an international news item. During the night, one of the dikes was washed away. When a man walking on the dike suddenly saw that the path in front of him had just disappeared, he called the firefighters. In the evening, the old centre of Stein was evacuated, while massive amounts of water were only held back by sandbags. After an investigation, the cause was found. An 80-year-old water supply line, which had not been in use anymore and was forgotten, but which was still under pressure, started to leak, causing the dike to erode from the inside out.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Adam Keeling House is a historic house in Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States.</p><br>
<p>The house was likely built at some point after 1680. It is the second oldest surviving house in Virginia Beach. Situated on Adam Keeling Road in Great Neck Point on the Lynnhaven River, The Keeling House is known for decorative glazed headers and a center hall design, which is common in Tidewater Virginia British colonial architecture.</p><br>
<p>When built, the house was in rural Princess Anne County, but today the house sits in the middle of a suburban neighborhood. The house is privately owned, though it can be seen from the street. It is reputed to be the oldest continuously occupied house in Virginia. A cemetery of family graves is north of the intersection of Adam Keeling Road and Lynn Cove Lane.</p><br>
<p>Through much of the 20th century, the house was known as Ye Dudlies. Other houses from the Virginia colony in Virginia Beach still extant include the Adam Thoroughgood House, Broad Bay Manor, Lynnhaven House, Pembroke Manor, Upper Wolfsnare, and Francis Land House.</p><br>
<p>The Afon Lwyd  is a 13-mile long river in south-east Wales which flows from its source north of Blaenavon, through Abersychan, Pontnewynydd, Pontypool, Llanfrechfa and Cwmbran before flowing into the River Usk at Caerleon, which subsequently flows into the Bristol Channel in Newport.</p><br>
<p>The river was severely affected by pollution from industry and mine discharge, and fly tipping, but during the 1980s efforts were made to improve the water quality of river and improve fish stocks. To aid this, the Environment Agency Wales built a fish leap at Pontymoile in 2010 enabling fish to ascend past the weir there. By late 2011 it was claimed that the river was in its cleanest state since medieval times.</p><br>
<p>Historically the river has also been known as the Torfaen – meaning Breaker of Stones – which gives some indication of the force of the river during surges. Although this name is no longer in use for the river, it is still in common use as the name for the local authority, Torfaen County Borough Council.</p><br>
<h2>Flooding risk</h2><br>
<p>The geography of the river&#39;s location, as well as how local towns affect run off, has meant that during heavy periods of rainfall the river can quickly become a torrent and localised flash floods are not uncommon. The last major flood of the river occurred in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation projects</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in March 2010, the Friends of Afon Llwyd (FOAL) project is a partnership between Torfaen County Borough Council and two local angling clubs in Cwmbran and Pontypool aiming to improve the river as a habitat for salmon, sea trout and brown trout. The Wye and Usk Foundation also received £130,000 of funding to remove invasive weeds, manage bank erosion, create fish leaps, drop weirs and improve community engagement with the river both by fishing and other means. Nearly £750,000 has and will be spent on improving the river.</p><br>
<p>A major effort of the FOAL project has been to lower a weir that blocked upstream fish migration at Ty Nant Ddu, Pontypool. In 2008, salmon were spotted here. Additionally, similar efforts were made at the weir located near Cwmavon. To further improve fish stocks (especially salmonid) V weirs were constructed to trap gravel and create suitable spawning habitats.</p><br>
<p>At the river&#39;s source in Blaenavon, Conservation Volunteers and the Forgotten Landscapes Partnership are re-greening the river where it runs through the Blaenavon World Heritage Site.</p><br>
<h2>American crayfish infestation</h2><br>
<p>The river has been invaded by the American signal crayfish, which is affecting the native protected white-clawed crayfish. Not only do the invading species fight for food resources but they also carry crayfish plague, which the native species has no immunity to.</p><br>
<p>La Sila, also spelled Sila, is the name of the mountainous plateau and historic region located in Calabria, southern Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Sila occupies part of the provinces of Cosenza, Crotone and Catanzaro, and is divided (\from north to south) into the sub-ranges Sila Greca, Sila Grande and Sila Piccola ("Greek", "Greater" and "Lesser Sila", respectively). The highest peaks are the Botte Donato (1,928 m), in the Sila Grande, and Monte Gariglione (1,764 m) in the Sila Piccola.</p><br>
<p>The Sila houses the eponymous national park, the Parco Nazionale della Sila, formerly called National Park of Calabria; it was created in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first known settlers of the Sila plateau were the Bruttii, an ancient tribe of shepherds and farmers. After the destruction of the Greek city of Sybaris in 510 BC, Rome began to extend its sphere of influence over Calabria, Sila included to the extent that any outside rule affected these mountains. Later it was nominally occupied in turn by the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines and, from the 11th century, the Italo-Normans. The latter favoured the creation of several monasteries, like the Santa Maria della Matina of San Marco Argentano, the Sambucina at Luzzi and the Florense Abbey at San Giovanni in Fiore, founded by Joachim of Fiore.</p><br>
<p>In 1448-1535 immigrants from Albania settled the area towards the Ionian Sea, creating the communities of Sila Greca ("Greek Sila").</p><br>
<p>After the annexation to the Kingdom of Italy (late 19th century), Sila remained a base of brigandage. New routes were opened to reduce the isolation of the mountain centres, which was dramatic especially in winter: these included the Paola-Cosenza-Crotone road, and specialised mountain railways such as the Cosenza-Camigliatello Silano-San Giovanni in Fiore narrow-gauge line (now operating only for tourist special excursions), operated by the Ferrovie Calabro Lucane, and the Paola-Cosenza rack railway, operated by Ferrovie dello Stato.</p><br>
<p>The 1949 film The Wolf of the Sila was set in the area, and much of it was shot on location.</p><br>
<p>Today several centres, such as Camigliatello and Palumbo Sila, are becoming tourist resorts.</p><br>
<p>The Daytona Beach Bandshell is an amphitheatre in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at Ocean Avenue, north of the junction of Main Street and Atlantic Avenue. On March 5, 1999, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. On April 18, 2012, the AIA&#39;s Florida Chapter placed the Daytona Beach Bandshell on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places.</p><br>
<p>This property is part of the Daytona Beach Multiple Property Submission to the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s, residents of Daytona Beach considered this area to be run-down and held discussions on ways to improve it.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, WPA workers began construction on this community-use project that was to cost Daytona Beach $84,000, the federal government $184,000, and be completed in 1938. Originally known as "Broadwalk", common usage gradually changed the name to the boardwalk.</p><br>
<p>The first facility constructed was the 48 foot by 114 foot natural coquina rock bandshell which seats 4,500. This was begun in September, 1936, and was completed in time for the first program to be presented on July 4, 1937. Open air concerts, as well as other programs, are still presented in the bandshell. The other structures in the boardwalk area are a clock tower, kiosk, concession facilities, restrooms, subway entrances (now closed), and an elevated walk from Earl to Ora Streets.</p><br>
<p>The City Band of Daytona Beach, under Everett Allyn Moses, began in 1947. They gave summer concerts in the Band Shell and winter concerts at the city recreation hall. Moses also organized a Junior Orchestra. William P. Schueler became the director of both bands after Moses retired in 1952.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The James W. Marshall House, located at 60 Bridge Street in Lambertville, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States, was the boyhood home of James W. Marshall. Marshall&#39;s discovery of gold in the American River in California in January 1848 set the stage for the California Gold Rush. It is currently the headquarters of the Lambertville Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1816, Philip Marshall (James&#39;s father) moved his family from Hopewell, New Jersey to nearby Lambertville. He purchased 44 perches (approximately five acres) of land from Joseph Lambert for $300 and built a Federal-style brick home. The Marshall family resided in the house until 1834, when Philip died and his wife could no longer afford to live in it.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, the property was sold to nearby St. Johns Roman Catholic Church for use as a convent for the Sisters of Mercy. The Sisters lived in the house and taught in a school that had been built as an addition. In 1964, the congregation of St. Johns decided to build a new convent and school, and plans were made to demolish the house.</p><br>
<p>In an effort to save the house, Lambertville resident Alice Narducci reached an agreement with St. Johns to deed the building to the New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development. The state, in turn, leased the property to the Lambertville Historical Society. The kitchen and schoolhouse addition were removed, and a major restoration followed. The entire back wall of the house was rebuilt using material that matched the original as closely as possible. A similar restoration occurred within the houses interior. The house is decorated in the same time period as when the Marshalls resided in it.</p><br>
<p>The Marshall House was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on September 11, 1970, and to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1970. It now serves as the headquarters for the Lambertville Historical Society, and is open to the public as an historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>Desolation Island is one of the minor islands in the South Shetlands archipelago, Antarctica situated at the entrance to Hero Bay, Livingston Island. The island is V-shaped with its northern coast indented by Kozma Cove. Surface area 3.12 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The island was discovered on 15 October 1819 by Captain William Smith in the English merchant brig Williams during his second visit to the islands. The anchorage Blythe Bay at the southeast side of Desolation Island was frequented by the early Nineteenth century English and American sealers.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The island&#39;s midpoint is located at 62&deg;27&prime;27.9&Prime;S latitude, 60&deg;20&prime;48.3&Prime;W longitude, with the island lying 6.9 km northwest of Kotis Point, 8.7 km west of Williams Point and 9.7 km north-northeast of Siddins Point. British mapping in 1820 and 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009.</p><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Strait  is a strait between the Taimyr Peninsula and Bolshevik Island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. The strait connects the Kara and Laptev Seas. The length of the Vilkitsky Strait is 128 km, the width approx. 55 km and the depth between 32 m and 210 m. It is covered with drifting ice all year round. The strait was discovered in 1913 by a Russian hydrographic expedition led by Boris Vilkitsky and then named after him in 1918.</p><br>
<p>The Geiberg Islands cover the entrance to the Vilkitsky Strait from the east, and the Firnley Islands do so from the west. The shores on the side of the Taymyr Peninsula are covered with tundra vegetation and scattered stones. The northern coast is higher, and it becomes lower going south. The rivers that flow into the Vilkitsky Strait from the continental side are not significant. They are shallow and not suitable for navigation.</p><br>
<p>The Brünig Pass, at an altitude of 1,008 m, connects the Bernese Oberland and central Switzerland, linking Meiringen in the canton of Bern and Lungern in the canton of Obwalden. It is on the watershed between the upper reaches of the Aare, which flows through Lake Brienz and Lake Thun, and the Sarner Aa, which flows into Lake Lucerne.</p><br>
<p>The pass is crossed by the Zentralbahns Brünig railway line, between Lucerne and Interlaken, and that lines Brünig-Hasliberg station is situated in the pass. The pass is also crossed by the A8 motorway, between Lucerne and Spiez. Both rail and road crossings are normally kept open throughout the winter.</p><br>
<p>The pass is the starting or finishing point of many hikes. Particularly popular is the route to or from the Brienzer Rothorn, which is accessible by rail at both ends.</p><br>
<p>The pass is the subject of a watercolour painting by J. M. W. Turner, entitled The Brunig Pass, from Meiringen, and dating from c.1847-8.</p><br>
<p>The Khatanga Gulf or Khatanga Bay  is a large tidal estuary in the Laptev Sea. It is relatively narrow, its length being 220 km with a maximum width of 54 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Bolshoy Begichev Island divides the gulf into two straits: Northern Strait (13 km wide) and Eastern Strait (8 km wide). The maximum depth of the gulf is 29 m. The Khatanga River flows out into the Khatanga Gulf. The shores of the gulf are high, steep, and indented. The tides are semidiurnal reaching up to 1.4 m. The Khatanga Gulf is covered with ice most of the year.</p><br>
<p>The shores of the Khatanga Bay are generally raised, consisting of low tundra cliffs, as well as sandstone and mudstone cliffs and sedimentation areas.</p><br>
<p>Since the administrative border cuts across this area, the northern and western parts of the Khatanga Bay belong to the Krasnoyarsk Krai, while its southeastern side belongs to the Sakha administrative region of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The former settlement and penal colony of Nordvik was located by a north-facing bay on the Eastern Strait of the Khatanga Gulf known as Bukhta Nordvik.</p><br>
<p>The Epupa Falls  are created by the Kunene River on the border of Angola and Namibia, in the Kaokoland area of the Kunene Region. The river is 0.5 km wide and drops in a series of waterfalls spread over 1.5 km, with the greatest single drop being 37 m. The name "Epupa" is a Herero word for "foam", in reference to the foam created by the falling water.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Due to the specialised nature of this steep riparian habitat, the Epupa Falls are the locus of endemism for a number of fish and other aquatic species.</p><br>
<h2>Miscellaneous items</h2><br>
<p>Despite being difficult to reach (a 4WD vehicle is recommended to reach them from Opuwo), the falls are a major visitor attraction in Namibia, because of the largely unspoiled environment, with fig trees, baobabs, makalani palms, and colored rock walls framing the falls.</p><br>
<p>The Epupa Constituency is named for the falls.</p><br>
<p>The Ruacana Falls in northern Namibia are located 135 km upstream.</p><br>
<h3>People</h3><br>
<p>Epupa Falls is known for nomadic people, the Ovahimba people. While there are further tribes like Ovatjimba, Ovazemba and Ovatwe people. Migration to Epupa Falls is constantly increasing due to high Tourism growth, which further sees tribes like Herero and Oshiwambo speaking people migrate to the area.</p><br>
<h3>Accommodation</h3><br>
<p>There are four lodges namely Kapika Waterfall Lodge, Omarunga Camp Lodge, Epupa Camp Lodge and Epupa Falls Campsite Lodge. All these lodges have campsites except Kapika waterfall lodge plus Motjikutu campsite, which is a locally owned campsite.</p><br>
<h3>Activities</h3><br>
<p>Activities range from guided tours to the Falls and Himba villages around Epupa Falls, bird watching, excursions to see crocodile and a variety of vegetation featuring trees like Baobab and Mopane trees - the dominant species in the area. Tourists are also offered whitewater rafting at Epupa Camp.</p><br>
<h2>In the media</h2><br>
<p>Epupa falls are featured in the 8th episode of the first season of The Grand Tour, being the arrival point of a journey in beach buggies through Namibia.</p><br>
<p>Rowallan is a historic site in Ormond Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 253 John Anderson Highway. On October 6, 1988, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>The Lindsay family</h2><br>
<p>The following is from memories of descendants of Alexander Millar Lindsay (1841–1920), builder and first owner of Rowallan, and from a book for which this descendant did research, "Alexander Millar Lindsay," by relative David C. Sargent. More information about Alexander Millar Lindsay and the store he co-founded, Sibley, Lindsay and Curr Co. is available at The Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts, Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.</p><br>
<p>You may also consult the City of Rochester website for Mt. Hope Cemetery. Lindsay and his wife and many of their children are buried in Mt. Hope. It is one of the nations&#39; finest Victorian Park Cemeteries.</p><br>
<p>Also architecturally significant is Lindsays home in Rochester, New York. It was designed by J. G. Cutler, who invented the mail chute. Currently doctors offices, it is located at 973 East Avenue across the street from the home of Eastman Kodak founder, George Eastman (now the International Museum of Photography). Lindsay served as a board member at Kodak.</p><br>
<p>Through the apprentice system, Lindsay became expert in piece goods. In 1865, he and countryman John Curr sailed from Glasgow to Boston to an apprenticeship with wholesaler Hogg, Brown and Taylor. There, Lindsay met James M. Thomson who would co-found Hartford, Connecticuts premier department store, Brown Thomson Co. Lindsays youngest child, Adelaide, would later marry Thomson&#39;s eldest son.</p><br>
<p>Also at Hogg, Brown and Taylor, Lindsay and Curr also met Yankee farmer Rufus Sibley, a fellow clerk. Hogg, Brown and Taylor encouraged its more talented and ambitious employees to start their own businesses and so encouraged the founding of Sibley, Lindsay and Curr Co. at Rochester, NY in 1868. It grew to become the largest department store between New York and Cincinnati. The store initiated a policy of charging the same price for all customers.</p><br>
<p>The honesty of the partners was critical to their future success. When their newest building burned in 1904, although all store records were destroyed, loyal customers paid their bills and their local insurance agent made funds available to them immediately so that they could begin anew. The "Great Sibley Fire" remains Rochesters largest. In 1871, he married Adelaide Hatch (1841–1927). Adelaides father, Jesse W. Hatch automated the production of shoes, invented baby shoes and hired the first female clerk in Rochester&#39;s history to work in his store.</p><br>
<h2>Rowallan's origins</h2><br>
<p>Rowallan in Ormond Beach was built in 1913 to serve as the winter residence for Alexander Millar Lindsay. Born in Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotland, this residence was named Rowallan after a castle in his native Ayrshire.</p><br>
<p>Lindsay’s daughter, Jean, designed Rowallan. According to the correspondence between his son-in-law, attorney Daniel M. Beach, and the appraiser of Rowallan following Lindsay’s death, the appraiser wrote: “Miss Lindsay would have it that she could walk out of the house without going down steps.” This of course led to problems with the water table. During certain times of the year, water would reach the lower part of the ground floor windows. Sills had to be replaced frequently because of this.</p><br>
<p>As for the orchard that was on the grounds, the appraiser noted that it was not productive, that it would cost at least $1.00 to produce a single orange. Also on the property was a cottage known as Sun Patch named for a favorite Lindsay granddaughter, Sunny Kame. It was the winter residence of Lindsay’s eldest daughter, Harriet.</p><br>
<p>Other residences on John Anderson Highway near Rowallan were built by Scotsmen with similar histories to that of Lindsay. They referred to themselves as the "Scotch Syndicate2. When Lindsay died in 1920, his widow caused a memorial fountain to be constructed on the river side of the road. It was later destroyed by vandals.</p><br>
<p>Rowallan served as the winter home for the entire extended Lindsay family. Nannies and children were everywhere. There are pictures and movies of them in their goat carts, pony carts and swimming at Daytona Beach. Adults attended functions at the old Ormond Beach Hotel, went shooting and rode horseback. They drove in horse driven buggies and later in their beach wagon. They were among the first to drive cars on Ormond Beach.</p><br>
<p>As of 2008, the extended family of Alexander Millar Lindsay is spread throughout the United States and Europe. However, all remain interested in Rowallan and closely follow its unfolding story.</p><br>
<h2>Rowallan's later history</h2><br>
<p>According to content about the Ormond Beach Historical Trail written by Orlando historian Steve Rajtar, Rowallen was later owned by Englishman Leonard Martin, and then Harold and Eileen Butts. The Butts renamed the house Linsaroe, which means "by the water" in Celtic. Eileen Butts was added to the state list of prominent Floridians for her work in the area including the creation of Tomoka State Park, the building of the Ormond Memorial Art Gallery and the preservation of John D. Rockefellers Ormond Beach home The Casements. The plaque listing her as a great Floridian form the states 2000 program is on the front of Rowallen.</p><br>
<h2>Rowallan's Joy Postle murals</h2><br>
<p>Rowallan also features murals by the noted Florida artist, Joy Postle. Postle, a former WPA artist, is known for her paintings of Florida wildlife scenes and in particular birds. In addition, she was a published poet, author, musician and entertainer. She resided in Orlando, Florida.</p><br>
<p>Keith Marischal is a Scottish Baronial Country house lying in the parish of Humbie, East Lothian, Scotland. The original building was an "L-shaped" Tower house, built long before 1589 when it was extended into a "U-shaped" courtyard house. The building acquired its modern appearance in the 19th century, when the courtyard was filled in. The house is protected as a category B listed building.</p><br>
<h2>Early and mediaeval history</h2><br>
<p>In legend, the lands of Keith were granted to Marbhachir Chamuis (Camus Slayer), in recognition of his valour at the Battle of Barry in 1010; he is the mythological ancestor of the Keith family.</p><br>
<p>The lands of Keith were possessed in the reign of King David I by Simon Fraser of Keith, the first of that surname to appear on record in Scotland. Fraser was one of the Normans who accompanied King David Scotland back to Scotland. Fraser was made Sheriff of Tweeddale. He is recorded in a charter gifting some lands and dedicating a church to the Tironensian Brothers at Kelso Abbey.</p><br>
<p>It is unclear how the policies at Keith were transferred to another Norman, Hervey de Keith the Kings Marischal. It is likely that the lands formed part of a dowry. Hervey, certainly held the lands at Keith when he erected a Church there at the end of the 12th century obeying a royal decree to that effect. Latterly Herveys progeny took their name from their estate as was common at the time</p><br>
<p>Todays parish of Humbie was originally split into the divisions of "Keith Harvey" and "Keith Hundeby" (occasionally "Keith Symmars") and formed the major part of the estate of the Keiths, until they were granted the rock of Dunnottar in Aberdeenshire at the close of the 14th century. Herveys descendants were made hereditary Marischal of Scotland in 1176.</p><br>
<h2>16th and 17th centuries</h2><br>
<p>The house was built as an L plan tower before 1589 by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal on the remainder of a previous construction which is heavily obscured, only just discernible in the massive thickness of the southern ground floor internally. Within the grounds, there is evidence of a Barmekin and earthworks in the adjoining cattle meadow which would indicate a mediaeval or earlier settlement or castleton.</p><br>
<p>George, 5th Earl Marischal, had stood proxy for King James VI during his marriage to Anne of Denmark in August 1589. The roof trusses of the tower are reputed to have been made from timber gifted to him by the Danish King Christian VI for services rendered. King James went to Norway in November 1589 to collect his bride in person, returning the following spring. As they were entering the Firth of Forth, a storm broke out, threatening the royal flotilla. The superstitious James blamed the tempest on witchcraft; this led to the infamous North Berwick Witch trials. Although the coven was reputedly led by Francis Stewart, 1st Earl of Bothwell, one of the leading accused was Agnes Sampson. Sampson was known as the "Wise Wife of Keith" and lived at Nether Keith, some quarter of a mile from the house. Indeed, one of the latest witch trials in Scotland took place at Humbie in 1678. The accused were held within the Chapel at Keith Marischal for the evening prior to their execution, which took place at Dow Syke (lit. dismal hollow) one mile to the north of the house.</p><br>
<h2>18th century to the present</h2><br>
<p>Its sale in the late 17th century to the Earls of Hopetoun, was to see much structural alteration to the building. The Hopes were originally an Edinburgh family with strong links to the law. During the Williamite Revolution the Keiths were attainted as Jacobites. The Earl Marischal was coerced into the redistribution of his properties, Keith Marischal included. The property was sold to either Sir Thomas Hope, 1st Baronet or his son Sir James Hope of Hopetoun. The Hope family were engaged in wholesale acquisition of the property of Jacobite sympathisers and eventually managed to amass massive estates in the Lothians over the course of the 18th century. it is they who carried out the quasi-symmetrical extension to the west of the house to construct a new wing, forming a courtyard house. The east wing being the original tower.</p><br>
<p>Before 1889, it was sold to the family of Patrick Fraser Tytler who hired the Edinburgh firm of Peddie and Kinnear to construct an extension that would fill in the courtyard and provide corridors in the building rather than the more archaic passage from room to room. It is at this time that the exterior was baronialised with faux turrets and crawstep gabling to complement those extant. In 1953, the property was acquired by the architect Sir Robert Hogg Matthew; it is currently owned by the Rogers family.</p><br>
<h2>Other buildings</h2><br>
<p>The ruined chapel that stands in the grounds of the House, is a scheduled ancient monument, which is of early Norman Gothic style. The structure is presumably that church that Harvey de Keith raised by decree of King David. There is a 19th-century plaque commemorating this on the chancel gable. Although unsympathetically restored and stabilised in that period as a folly, there is still a wealth of detail that points to its antiquity. These include a fine early 17th-century monument to the Anderson family, spiro-form carvings on the exterior of the Ogee window of possible Rosicrucian significance, and the unidentified tombstone of a crusading knight. It is possible that this is a memorial to Sir William Keith, a companion of Sir James Douglas on his campaign to take the heart of Robert the Bruce to the Holy Land. Upon the failure of that mission Keith brought back the heart of Bruce to Melrose Abbey, and the body of Douglas to St. Bride&#39;s Church, Douglas.</p><br>
<p>Limassol Salt Lake  is the largest inland body of water on the island of Cyprus, in Akrotiri and Dhekelia, United Kingdom, an overseas territory.</p><br>
<p>It lies due south-west of the sprawling city of Limassol and measures 10.65 km. Its lowest point is 2.7 meters below sea level and at its deepest point the water depth measures about one meter.</p><br>
<p>Geologists hypothesize the lake was formed over the gradual joining of an offshore islet off the southern coast of Cyprus.</p><br>
<p>The lake itself is considered to be one of the eastern Mediterranean region’s most important wetlands. The shallowness of the lake (more than half of the lake is less than 30 cm deep) attracts thousands of wading birds to use it as a stopover during the migration seasons between Africa and Europe. BirdLife International estimates that between 2,000 and 20,000 greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) spend the winter months on the lake.</p><br>
<p>This salt lake lies within Akrotiri and Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory on the island of Cyprus, administered as a Sovereign Base Area. It is located in the Western Sovereign Base Area.</p><br>
<p>In 2003 the British Ministry of Defence caused some controversy by constructing two gigantic antennas as part of its radio listening post network in the Middle East.</p><br>
<p>Local and European environmentalists are concerned that the proximity of the listening posts to this ecosystem could have a significant impact on the wildlife. Birdlife Cyprus Newsletter</p><br>
<p>DeBary Hall is a historic site in DeBary, Florida, United States. It is located at 198 Sunrise Boulevard. On July 24, 1972, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. Frederick DeBary was a wine importer for Mumms Champagne and built DeBary Hall in 1871 as his hunting retreat along the St. John’s River in central Florida. The area offered various leisure activities such as swimming in the local springs, fishing, and hunting quail, deer, and alligator.</p><br>
<p>DeBary turned his leisure site into a profitable enterprise when he planted over 600 acre of citrus trees and began a steamboat company for trade up the St. John’s River to Jacksonville. The DeBarys used the hall as their family winter retreat until 1941, when the last American DeBary, Leonie deBary Lyon Brewster, died suddenly without an heir.</p><br>
<p>The area attracted many guests, and those that stayed at DeBary Hall required a personal invitation. Several additions and renovations were made to the house to accommodate the numerous guests. The additions included a second dining room, a wrap-around porch, two extra bathrooms, and three extra guest bedrooms. The Florida springs, hunting, and warm climate appealed to people across the nation and internationally. Guests to DeBary Hall may have included Presidents Grant and Cleveland, European Royalty, and General William Tecumseh Sherman.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed during Reconstruction. It features several advanced attributes atypical of Southern homes during this meager time period. The 8,000 ft&sup2; hunting lodge included an elevator for guests’ luggage, running water through a 500 gallon tank in the ceiling, wall-fed electricity made onsite by carbonate gas, a wired call system throughout the entire house, and a lightning protection system that covered the roof of this amazingly advanced home. The site also included a water tower and Florida’s first spring-fed swimming pool, which used a pump to fill and drain the pool each day. These unique features kept the residents self-sufficient at the mostly remote estate. The unique architectural features of the home serve as the main significance for the National Register of Historic Places designation.</p><br>
<h2>Frederick DeBary</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Frederick deBary was born January 12, 1815 at Frankfurt-am-Main in Germany. As a young man, Frederick befriended G. H. Mumm whose family produced brands of champagne in Rheims. Mumms proposed that deBary go to New York City and introduce the familys champagne to America. At 25, deBary sailed to New York in 1840 to introduce Mumms Champagne to the new wealthy class of merchants, manufacturers, financiers and professional men profiting from New York&#39;s growing port.</p><br>
<p>Once in New York, deBary organized an importing firm, Frederick deBary Company, strictly for Mumm&#39;s Champagne. Because luxury items were not yet predominately produced in America, deBary found much success. In 1844, deBary returned to Europe and married Julie Scherpenhauser. The couple permanently moved to New York and had two children, Adolphe and Eugenie. Eugenie later married a German and returned to Europe. Her children created the only descendants of Frederick deBary, where the family is now again solely European.</p><br>
<h2>The DeBarys in Florida</h2><br>
<p>Frederick DeBarys wife Julie died in 1868. After her death, the widower ventured on a steamboat ride down the St. Johns River in Florida. The quiet natural setting appealed to deBary. In January 1871, Frederick deBary bought three parcels of land from Oliver and Amanda Arnett. The property abutted Lake Monroe with a grove of live oaks and green pines. The large home soon became the Winter retreat of deBary and his relatives and friends. Hunting parties left the house very early in the morning with breakfast for the hunters served at four-thirty in the morning. deBary arrived in Florida each year at the end of December or early January. He typically came with a crowd of guests. DeBary Hall served as an active hunting and fishing preserve during the mild Florida winters.</p><br>
<p>As an always eager entrepreneur, Frederick DeBary turned his winter retreat into a profitable venture. He amassed over 10,000 acre and planted orange groves. He built a packing house beside the lake pier and was one of the first citrus growers to sort oranges by size by rolling them down an inclined trough with variously sized holes. deBary also joined the profitable steamboat trade developing the DeBary Merchants Line. The steamboats ran from Jacksonville to Enterprise along the St. Johns River. Until 1889, most of the steamers along the St. Johns would be deBary boats.</p><br>
<p>Frederick deBary died on December 23, 1898. His citrus trees had been decimated by hard freezes and the steamboat industry was gradually being taken over by the faster railroad industry. His son, Adolphe and daughter, Eugenie inherited DeBary Hall and the other five estates deBary accumulated through the years. DeBary Hall is thought to be the smallest of all six homes owned by Frederick deBary. Eugenie moved to Germany with her husband Baron Hugo Von Mauch before her ninetieth birthday. Adolphe deBary was fifty-three years old at the time of his fathers death and ascended to his fathers place in the importing firm and the DeBary Merchant Line. Adolphe also inherited his father&#39;s love for horses and hunting. Adolphe kept no less than six horses in the stable. He also kept a collection of vehicles including a brougham, a surrey, a phaeton, a brake cart, and pony carts for children. Adolphe DeBary outlived all four of his children. Upon his death in 1928, DeBary Hall passed to his grandchildren Leonie deBary Lyon and Adolphe deBary Lyon.</p><br>
<p>Leonie and Adolphe were minors when their grandfather died and the deBary estate was placed in a trust for them guarded by their father Cecil Lyon. Leonie and Adolphe became the last American deBary heirs as both died early. Adolphe deBary Lyon graduated in 1935 from Harvard College. On September 19, 1937 Adolphe went to a party with a group of friends. As the party left, a young woman began to cross a street and did not notice a car driving towards her. Adolphe saw it and rushed in front of the car pushing the young woman out of the way and was struck. He died at twenty-three years old. His sister Leonie became the sole owner of DeBary Hall with her husband, Benjamin Brewster, a childhood friend. Leonie made more renovations to the family home than any previous owner including putting in a tennis court, new flooring, and a larger bathroom in the Master Suite. The biggest change however was transportation to DeBary Hall. Leonie and her husband were flight enthuasists and constructed a runway and an airplane hangar on the property.</p><br>
<p>On May 9, 1941, Leonie and Benjamin planned to fly from Long Island to Philadelphia. The weather conditions were not suitable for flight but the couple insisted and did not heed to the warnings. In the blinding rain the plane crashed into the side of a mountain killing the young couple instantly. Leonie was thirty-one and had no children.</p><br>
<h2>1942–1990</h2><br>
<p>Leonie deBary Lyon Brewster&#39;s sudden death left confusion to the ownership of DeBary Hall and her other inherited properties. Her will stipulated that her properties be split between her Lyon family cousins and her deBary German relatives. There was little interest from either family to acquire Debary Hall and a Lyon family member began selling off the 6,000 acre property. According to a Volusia County deed, a P. V. Proctor purchased all the deBary land in 1942. Mr. Proctor moved out most of the deBary furnishing, leaving few original pieces. Proctor sold most of the deBary land to the Paco Land Company. The Paco Land Company in turn sold a portion of the property to George Stedronsky, a Northerner with hopes of creating a retirement community in Florida. He lived in the Hall for about a year. In late 1947, Mr. Stedronsky sold his plans to Plantation Estates, Incorporated, a land developing firm. DeBary Hall became part of "Plantation Estates" and much of the surrounding land became individual lots with small houses. DeBary Hall became the club house to the Plantation Estates.</p><br>
<p>DeBary Hall then passed to the senior citizens of the community. At seventy years old, the house was in disrepair. The new owners were in search of an owner who could restore the Hall. In 1959, the Florida Federation of Art accepted an offer to turn DeBary Hall into their art and cultural center, as the State Headquarters of the Florida Federation of Art, Incorporated. For one dollar the Hall and a 5 acre portion including the swimming pool and tennis courts were transferred.</p><br>
<p>The State of Florida purchased DeBary Hall in 1967 and began leasing the Hall to the Florida Federation of Art. The Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials acquired the Hall and erected a bronze plaque on the front lawn. Within time, the Florida Federation moved their headquarters and DeBary Hall was once again abandoned.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, after years of abandonment, the efforts of many people resulted in a massive restoration project. The State of Florida now leases the historic site to the County of Volusia as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Awards and Designations</h2><br>
<p>In 1971, DeBary Hall Historic Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The site continues to win preservation, educational, and interpretive awards at the local, state, and national level. These awards include two from the Florida Trust for Historic Preservation, the “Outstanding Achievement Award: Interpretive Media” and the “Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Adaptive Reuse”. DeBary Hall Historic Site’s interactive computer exhibit received several awards in 2001 by the American Association for State and Local History, the Florida Historical Society, the Historical Confederation’s Outstanding Educational Program Award, and finally the Dunn Electronic Media Award. In 2008, DeBary Hall Historic Site received the National Association of Counties Achievement Award.</p><br>
<h2>DeBary Hall Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>Today, the DeBary Hall Historic Site encompasses only 10 acre of the original 10,000 acre owned by Frederick DeBary. The former estate now makes up a town named in his honor, DeBary, and a portion of Volusia County. The 10 acre is owned by the State of Florida and managed by the County of Volusia. The site contains several original structures including the Hall, an icehouse, two servant quarters, and the stables. In 2007, the stable restoration was completed and acknowledged with a Florida Trust for Historic Preservation, Outstanding Achievement in Adaptive Reuse award. Modern structures added to the site include a Visitor’s Center with a gift shop, trail-head pavilions, and an Imagidome Theater. The design and construction of the pavilion and theater follow former outbuildings on the site based on historic photographs.</p><br>
<p>The historic home is open Tuesday-Sunday for docent-guided tours. The surrounding property is open daily from sunrise to sunset for self-guided grounds walks. DeBary Hall is a part of Volusia County&#39;s rails to trails program. The bike trails run over 10 mi to Gemini Springs and Lake Monroe Park.</p><br>
<p>Haluza  , also known as Halasa, Chellous , Elusa, al-Khalasa and al-Khalūṣ , is a city in the Negev, Israel, that was once part of the Nabataean Incense Route. Due to its historic importance, UNESCO declared Haluza a World Heritage Site along with Mamshit, Avdat and Shivta. The city is one of the two main potential locations for the Biblical city of Ziklag, Ziklag being considered in this case a corruption of Halusah, meaning fortress. In Saadia Gaons Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch, the biblical town of Gerar is associated with Haluza .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city is mentioned under the name Chellous (Χελλοὺς) in the Greek text of Judith, i, 9. It is also mentioned by Ptolemy as being in Idumaea, Peutinger&#39;s Table, Stephanus Byzantius (as being formerly in the province of Arabia Petraea, now in Palaestina Tertia), Jerome, the pilgrim Theodosius, Antoninus of Piacenza, and Joannes Moschus.</p><br>
<p>Jerome&#39;s life of St. Hilarion says that, in the fourth century, there was at Elusa a great temple of Aphrodite. Hilarion is supposed to have introduced Christianity to Elusa in the fourth century.</p><br>
<p>Early in the following century, a Bishop of Elusa, after redeeming the son of Nilus of Sinai, who had been carried off from Mount Sinai by the Arabs, ordained both him and his father. Other bishops known are Theodulus, 431; Aretas, 451; Peter, 518; and Zenobius, 536.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the city are at al-Khalasa (Khalasah), about nineteen miles southwest of Beersheba, in a large plain within modern Israel. Many inscriptions have been found there. In the vicinity, according to the Targums, was the desert of Sur with the well at which the angel found Hagar (Genesis 16:7). (See Revue Biblique, 1906, 597).</p><br>
<p>Archaeological surveys of the area are partly hampered by the presence of shifting sands around the city, though Nabataean era streets have been found, along with two churches, a theatre, winepress, and tower. Unlike the other cities on the Incense route, Haluza has been excavated without sufficient care to return stones to their original places, compromising future excavation, and the site is generally badly looked after.</p><br>
<p>The bishopric of Elusa is included in the Catholic Church&#39;s list of titular sees.</p><br>
<p>Metaxata  is a village in the southern part of the island of Kefalonia, Greece. It has a population of 504 . It is part of the municipal unit of Leivatho. It is situated in low hills, near the Ionian Sea coast. It is 2 km west of Kerameies, 2 km northeast of Svoronata, 2 km southwest of Peratata and 8 km southeast of Argostoli.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Metaxata was founded by the Byzantine Markantonios Metaxas who settled in an area then known as Frantzata (Φρατζάτα) after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The village is the home town of the revolutionists Andreas and Konstantinos Metaxas who had the power of Kefalonia and participated in the Greek War of Independence in the Peloponnese in the 1820s. In 1823, Lord Byron lived in Metaxata for four months and wrote some poems about the area and its beauties. Today in the central square, there is a statue in remembrance of Lord Byron and right next to it, the traveller can see the site of the house where the great poet lived. The house has a plaque stating that it is built on the site of the house that Byron lived in. Metaxata was severely damaged by the 1953 Ionian earthquake.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Quarai, also known historically as Quarai State Monument, is a prehistoric and historic unit of the Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument located north of Mountainair, New Mexico. A National Historic Landmark District, it encompasses the archaeological remains of prehistoric Native American settlements, historic remains of a pueblo that was abandoned in the 1670s during the Spanish colonial period, the ruins of a 17th-century Spanish mission compound, and 19th-century Spanish ranching artifacts. The site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and was added to the Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Quarai ruins are located in central New Mexico, in a rural desert setting about 8 mi north of Mountainair, where the main visitors center for the Salinas Pueblos National Monument is located. The largest features of the ruins are the main pueblo and the walls of the mission church, which was probably one of the largest wall and beam structures in North America. Also present are mounds representing the archaeological sites of earlier buildings, and two extremely rare examples of fortified plazuela sites, Spanish colonial-style ranch sites developed in the 1820s and 1830s.</p><br>
<p>The Quarai were a Tiguex (Southern Tiwa) Pueblo band of American Indians. They were one of several bands of Tiwa speakers that populated the Salinas basin when it was first documented by Spanish explorers in the late 16th century, and were referred to in Spanish documentes as the "Cuarac". Based on the archaeology of the site, they are estimated to have settled here around 1300 AD. By the early 17th century the large pueblo compound had been built. Spanish missionaries were received by the Quarai in 1626, and granted permission to build a mission. Named Nuestra Senora de la Purisima Concepcion de Quarai, it was completed in 1632. Although the community did well, a severe drought afflicted the region beginning in the late 1660s, which combined with attacks from hostile Aztecs to lead to its abandonment in 1675. The Quarai eventually migrated to what is now Texas.</p><br>
<p>The site was not reoccupied until the 19th century, when Spanish ranchers Miguel and Juan Lucero arrived in the 1820s. The Luceros used the ruined convento as a sheep pen, and built an irrigation system using elements of stone and brick salvaged from the ruins. Both the church and one their houses were built on top of mounds of prehistoric construction ruins. The Luceros and other local ranchers used church (which at the time still had its roof) for services led by itinerant preachers. In 1829 they petitioned the Spanish governor for the construction of a new church building. This was granted, but disagreements among the residents and with the authorities led its construction to be halted at an early date; it was built at Manzano instead. The Lucero settlement was abandoned after a major Apache raid in 1830, one of whose effects was the collaps of the church roof.</p><br>
<p>The ruins were acquired by the state in the 1930s and stabilized. They were operate by the state as a monument until they were taken over by the National Park Service in the 1980s, when the Casa Quiveras National Monument was expanded and renamed the Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument.</p><br>
<p>Saddleback Mountain is a mountain located in Sandy River Plantation, Franklin County, Maine, near the resort town of Rangeley. Saddleback is one of the highest mountains in the State of Maine, and one of the fourteen with more than 2,000 ft of topographic prominence. The mountain is the site of Saddleback ski resort.</p><br>
<p>Saddleback is flanked to the northeast by Saddleback Horn. The mountain rock is primarily a form of granodiorite known as the Redington pluton that is estimated to have formed roughly 410 million years ago, while the soil atop it is largely till with a thickness of 10 ft or less.</p><br>
<p>The northwest side of Saddleback drains into Saddleback Lake, then into Redington Stream, the South Branch of the Dead River, the Kennebec River, and into the Gulf of Maine. The southeast side of Saddleback drains into Winship and Conant Streams, then Orbeton Stream, and the Sandy River, another tributary of the Kennebec. The southwest end of Saddleback drains into Cascade Stream, then into Rangeley Lake, Rangeley River, Mooselookmeguntic Lake, Upper and Lower Richardson Lakes, Rapid River, Umbagog Lake, and the Androscoggin River, which drains into Merrymeeting Bay, the estuary of the Kennebec River.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, runs along the ridge of Saddleback, crossing the summit. Saddleback Maine, a ski area, is located on the north face of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Dharmarajika Stupa , also referred to as the Great Stupa of Taxila, is a Buddhist stupa near Taxila, Pakistan. It dates from the 2nd century CE, and was built to house small bone fragments of the Buddha. The stupa, along with the large monastic complex that later developed around it, forms part of the Ruins of Taxila - which were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It has been claimed that that Dharmarajika Stupa was built over the remains of an ever older stupa that had been built by the Mauryan emperor King Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, Indo-Greek coins found at the site date from the 2nd century BCE, suggesting earliest possible establishment of a religious monument at the site.</p><br>
<p>Small stupas that predate the main stupa are found throughout the Dharmarajika site, and surrounded an earlier core stupa in an irregular layout. It is known that the earlier core stupa contained a pathway for circumabulation that was made of plaster, and decorated with shell bangles in geometric patterns. The earlier stupa likely had four gates in axial directions.</p><br>
<p>The current stupa was believed to have been established in the 2nd century CE during the Kushan era in order to house relics of the Buddha, and originally buried at the site around 78 CE. Buddhist texts mention that frankincense was used during religious services at Dharmarajika, while the complex was paved with colourful glass tiles.</p><br>
<p>The site came under control of Persian Sassanid rule, and suffered a period of stagnation. Large-scale developments took place during the late Kushan and Kidarite era which added numerous monasteries and stupas to the site.</p><br>
<h3>Destruction</h3><br>
<p>The site was devastated by the White Huns in the 5th century CE, and then abandoned. Subsequent rulers, such as the Hun king Mihirakula, persecuted the region&#39;s Buddhists. Under his reign, over a thousand Buddhist monasteries throughout Gandhara are said to have been destroyed. The White Huns destroyed not only Taxilan sites, but also devastated nearby Peshawar.</p><br>
<h3>Excavation</h3><br>
<p>The stupa was excavated by Sir John Marshall in 1913. The stupa had been looted several times prior to Marshalls discovery, and was badly damaged. Marshall noted that a large trench, requiring tremendous effort, was built at some point in the past in order to loot the stupas precious relics. By 1934, enough of the site had been uncovered that the site&#39;s scale could be appreciated. Human skeletons were discovered in the open area immediately south of the stupa, and may be the remains of monks who were killed during the invasion of the White Huns.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The location of the stupa and its monastic community about 1 kilometre outside of Sirkap aligns with ancient Gandharan beliefs that the Buddha recommended monasteries should be neither "too far" nor "too close" to adjacent towns. Three distinctive types of masonry in the buildings around the main stupa suggest the contributions of different periods to the building activity.</p><br>
<h3>Core stupa</h3><br>
<p>Dharmarajika Stupa is the largest of all stupas in the Taxila region, Surrounding the main mound is a passageway for pradakshina — the ancient practice of walking around a holy site.</p><br>
<p>The stupas large anda, or hemispherical mound, is damaged − though the plinth of the mound, known as the medhi, is still largely intact. The anda mound was made of ashlar stone. The stupas harmika, or fence like structure built atop the anda mound, has been lost.</p><br>
<p>The stupa&#39;s southern gateway was initially considered the most important, though the construction of four smaller stupas (termed G7, G8, S7, Q1) to the west of the stupa indicate that this then likely became the preferred entrance for those performing circambulation. Later constructions around the "Eastern Avenue" then shifted the preferred route for circambulation to the eastern side of the stupa.</p><br>
<p>Before entering the main sacred areas, visitors to the shrine from Sirkap would pass through a large building, now termed building H, that would openly display relics. Visitors likely venerated the relics at building H before entering the main stupa area.</p><br>
<h3>Peripheral stupas</h3><br>
<p>The stupa was surrounded by a circle of smaller stupas which were built approximately 200 years after the stupa&#39;s construction, and were likely constructed together as part of a project funded by a single patron.</p><br>
<p>Additional stupas were built further along the northern portion of the site by various patrons, and date from the Indo-Scythian period. These stupas form a "Northern Avenue," that had several small shrines with devotional images, rendering the Northern Avenue as a processional corridor. Devotional images were likely relegated to the periphery of the complex due to religious conservatives, who were hesitant to fully embrace the new practice of using imagery in religious practice.</p><br>
<p>Unlike constructions at Sanchi, stupas around the Dharmarajika Stupa were built by individual donors, rather than as part of a communal effort.</p><br>
<h3>Monasteries</h3><br>
<p>Early monastic cells near the stupa were built as a row of rooms, with a verandah, The verandah style was later dropped in favour of monastic living quarters surrounding quadrangles that were built immediately north, northeast, and east of the stupa approximately 300 years after the stupa&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>The northern monastery consisted of two courtyards that were each built around a large stupa. The smaller eastern courtyard is believed to have housed 13 monks.</p><br>
<p>Monastery G, located immediately west of the stupa has at least 50 monastic cells, a stupa, and was likely multistoried. Monastery M in the extreme northwest section of the site, and contained its own stupa in a small courtyard. Monastery M is connected to a long residential monastery, oriented in a roughly north-south direction. At the southern edge of this monastery are the remains of two stupas, now termed E1 and E2. E1 was built in a pre-existing cell, while E2 was a more elaborated stupa that contained a small passageway for circambulation. Neither stupa was likely open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Relics</h2><br>
<h3>Bone fragments of the Buddha</h3><br>
<p>The site is famous for its bone relics – thought to be those of the Buddha, Much of the stupas precious relics had been looted by the time it was discovered by Sir John Marshall. A silver casket containing a silver inscription was recovered from the stupas chapel after discovery, The inscription is written in the ancient Kharosthi script that was once common throughout Gandhara, The inscription states that Urusaka of Noacha placed bone relics of the Buddha in his chapel at Dharmarajika in 78 CE.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, 2 bone relics from the Dharmarajika Stupa were sent to Sri Lanka for one month. The relics were displayed at important shrines in Polonnaruwa, Colombo, Kandy, and Anuradhapura, and attracted 9.3 million visitors.</p><br>
<h3>Reliquary vessels</h3><br>
<p>18 reliquary vessels were also recovered from smaller stupas surrounding the Dharmarajika Stupa that yielded a wide array of relics, including one that encased a cylindrical piece of gold. Other reliquaries yielded gold jewelry and precious jewels, while others contained items from distant locations such as lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, pearls, and shells − reflecting the large trade networks operating from Taxila. Several coins of the Indo-Greek king Zoilos II were found under the foundation of such a 1st-century BCE stupa.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name Dharmarajika comes from Dharmaraja, a name given to Buddha who was the true Dharma Raja (Lord of Law), according to Marshall. It is also believed that ‘Dharmarajika’ is derived from the word ‘Dharmaraja’, a title used by Mauryan emperor Ashoka. The stupa is also popularly known as Chir Tope, or "Scarred hill".</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Dharmarajika Stupa lies about 3 kilometers east of the Taxila Museum, along the PMO Colony Road, northeast of Taxila Cantonment. The stupa was located near the ancient city of Sirkap, which also forms part of the Ruins of Taxila.</p><br>
<p>The Aitcho Islands  are a group of minor islands on the west side of the north entrance to English Strait separating Greenwich Island and Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, which are situated between Dee Island to the south and Table Island to the north. The group is separated from Dee Island and Sierra Island to the southwest by Villalón Passage . The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Clothier Harbour. During the austral summer the islands are often visited by Antarctic cruise ships with tourists who land to watch wildlife.</p><br>
<p>The islands were mapped in 1935 during the oceanographic investigations carried out by the Discovery Committee, and named after the Hydrographic Office of the UK Admiralty. Some of the island names were given by Chilean Antarctic expeditions between 1949 and 1951.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>The islands and some notable rocks of the Aitcho group are:</p><br>
<p>Barrientos Island</p><br>
<p>Bilyana Island</p><br>
<p>Cecilia Island, named Isla Torre by Chile</p><br>
<p>Chaos Reef</p><br>
<p>Cheshire Rock</p><br>
<p>Emeline Island</p><br>
<p>Jorge Island</p><br>
<p>Kilifarevo Island</p><br>
<p>Morris Rock</p><br>
<p>Okol Rocks</p><br>
<p>Pasarel Island</p><br>
<p>Passage Rock</p><br>
<p>Riksa Islands</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Among the bird species found on the islands are chinstrap and gentoo penguins, southern giant petrels, and skuas. Southern elephant seals are among the larger life forms. There are also a wide variety of lichens and mosses reported.</p><br>
<p>Black Chew Head in Saddleworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is the highest point or county top of Greater Manchester in northern England. It stands on moorland on the edge of the Peak District at a height of 542 m above sea level. The higher part of the Chew Valley is across the border with High Peak in Derbyshire.</p><br>
<h2>Location and access</h2><br>
<p>Black Chew Head is an outlying part of Black Hill, meaning Kinder Scout is its parent peak. It overlooks the Chew Valley which leads to the Dovestones Reservoir. The hill is accessible by many routes: the most used and most obvious is from Dovestones Reservoir in Greenfield via the Chew Reservoir access road. The hill is also accessible from Crowden in Derbyshire and from the A635 to the north.</p><br>
<p>Chalet Suzanne  is a historic site in Lake Wales, Florida. It is located at 3800 Chalet Suzanne Drive. On July 24, 1990, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Originally envisioned as a magnificent residential resort appealing to people who enjoyed golf and tennis, the Carleton Club was a vision of cheese baron James L. Kraft and Carl and Bertha Hinshaw. Kraft soon bowed out of the enterprise. When Carl Hinshaw died in 1931, Bertha Hinshaw opened her home as a restaurant and inn to travelers, serving exotic recipes on fine china that she had gathered around the world. Among those who visited and helped to publicize the restaurant and inn was Duncan Hines. Other famous guests have included Burt Reynolds, Dinah Shore, Robert Redford, Johnny Carson, Kevin Costner and Don Johnson.</p><br>
<p>In 1943 the Chalet was largely destroyed by fire. Hinshaw quickly rebuilt it using salvaged parts from the horse stables, a game room, servants’ quarters and a chicken house. This unusual design had 14 different levels.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, Carl Hinshaw Jr. opened a cannery on the property for the restaurant&#39;s famous soups, including their signature romaine. The soups became very popular, selling worldwide. Chalet Suzanne soup went with the astronauts to the moon during the Apollo 15 and 16 flights.</p><br>
<p>The Chalet has been featured in many publications, among them The New Yorker, Vogue, Life, Better Homes and Gardens, Cosmopolitan, National Geographic, Forbes and Time magazines. Bertha Louise Hinshaw died in 1973 at the age of 90; the Chalet continues under the ownership and management of the Hinshaw family.</p><br>
<p>On July 10, 2014, it was announced that with the retirement of the Hinshaw family, the Chalet would close on or about August 4. The business and property are up for sale as a result. As of May 2016, current owners Eric and Dee Hinshaw have turned down offers from property developers who wanted to build houses, hoping that someone with a "grand vision for the property" will purchase it.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Wales City Hall is a historic site in Lake Wales, Florida. It is located at 152 East Central Avenue. On August 31, 1990, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, began a $3.6 million renovation of the historic structure, converting it into a modern academic center. When complete in 2009 the building will be outfitted with a 50-seat Student Success Center, one 30-seat computer classroom, four 30-seat general classrooms and a 30-seat classroom/community room, which could be used as a meeting room for local civic groups. The center will initially serve 125 students.</p><br>
<p>At the groundbreaking on May 14, 2007, PCC President Eileen Holden announced that the new 16,000 ft&sup2; facility will be called the JD Alexander Center after State Senator Alexander, who was instrumental in securing Public Education Capital Outlay (PECO) monies that will fund the renovation of the historic building.</p><br>
<p>PCC plans to partner with the Lake Wales Charter High School to create a “Bridge to College” program and with the Lake Wales Literacy Coalition.</p><br>
<p>The Mediterranean Revival style building opened in 1927. It served as the Lake Wales City Hall until 1998 when offices moved to a new administrative building. A new section was added to the building in 1970, which included a fire station. The old City Hall suffered severe water and wind damage from the 2004 hurricanes. The fire station addition received the most damage.</p><br>
<p>The following year, State Senator J D Alexander was instrumental in securing funds that paved the way for the City to donate the historic building to PCC for use as an academic center.</p><br>
<p>PCC officials have said the remodeling of the building’s exterior (windows, roof and brick work) will honor the architectural history to the greatest extent possible.</p><br>
<p>During the final days of 2007, demolition of the interior and exterior of the building was completed. PCC has rented a store across from the Alexander Center. During 2008 it will serve as both a construction office and a welcome center. It will be staffed during normal weekday hours, so residents can visit and receive information about PCC classes and registration.</p><br>
<p>Ruge Hall  is a historic site in Tallahassee, Florida. It is located at 655 West Jefferson Street. On August 1, 1997, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ruge Hall Episcopal Student Center was built by John G. Ruge of Apalachicola as a memorial to his wife, Fannie Ruge, in 1931. It was built to serve as the Episcopal Chapel of the Resurrection on the campus of Florida State College for Women. Ruge Hall served as a place for worship and fellowship, as well as a residence for the Episcopal Chaplain. A new Chapel of the Resurrection was built in the 1950s adjacent to Ruge Hall and the old building became known as Ruge Hall. Ruge Hall then began to be used as a social hall and for offices. Ruge Hall is on the National Register of Historic Places and is one of the last remaining buildings in Tallahassee designed by the architect Edward D. Fitchner. Today Ruge serves students at Florida State University, Florida A&M University, and Tallahassee Community College.</p><br>
<p>The Donald Roebling Estate, also known as Spottiswoode and Spotswood, is a historic residential estate in Clearwater, within Pinellas County on the West coast of Florida.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was the home of inventor, engineer, industrial designer, and philanthropist Donald Roebling (1908−1959). It is located on the channel at 700 Orange Avenue in Clearwater. Roebling bought and named the parcel of land Spottiswoode, in honor of his fiancee, Miss Spottiswoode.</p><br>
<p>Donald Roebling was the great-grandson of John Augustus Roebling who designed the Brooklyn Bridge, and grandson of Washington Roebling who was in charge of the bridge&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were designed in the Tudor Revival style by architects Roy W. Wakeling and John Phillipoff, and the residence was completed in 1929. The estate includes the mansion, a boathouse on the Intracoastal Waterway, an engineering−inventions machine shop, and other outbuildings.</p><br>
<h3>Harbor Oaks</h3><br>
<p>The estate was built in the Harbor Oaks Residential District, Clearwater&#39;s first planned residential development, that was opened in 1914 by Dean Alvord, a major developer from New York. The development offered then innovative features such as paved streets, curbs, and sidewalks; underground utilityunderground utilities and sewer system; and tree lined parkways. Other original Harbor Oaks residents included author Rex Beach, Brooklyn Dodgers owner Charles Ebbett, industrialist Robert Ingersoll, and members of the Studebaker, Proctor, and Gamble families.</p><br>
<h3>Landmark</h3><br>
<p>On 19 December 1979, the Donald Roebling Estate was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The estate is also protected within the Harbor Oaks Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The St. Petersburg Womans Club is a historic womans club in St. Petersburg, Florida. It is located at 40 Snell Isle Boulevard. On July 15, 1994, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The St. Petersburg Woman’s Club began on February 7, 1913 by Mrs. Benjamin A. Greene who moved from Evanston, Illinois where she served as the president of her Federated Woman’s Club. Mrs. Greene was the president and the club met every Thursday afternoon at 3pm at the First Baptist Church. The club joined the Florida Federation of Women’s Clubs in 1913.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, Mrs. Esterly became the Honorary President for life. The club motto was “Each for all and all for humanity. We cannot all serve alike but we can all serve willingly and well.” A building fund was first established in 1922 and membership grew to 400 by January 1923. On November 26, 1923, the St. Petersburg Woman’s Club officially became a member of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs.</p><br>
<p>The clubhouse dedication took place in November 1929 and in April 1932 twelve young women started the Junior Woman’s Club as an auxiliary of the Senior Woman’s Club.</p><br>
<p>The El Vernona Apartments-Broadway Apartments  is a historic site in Sarasota, Florida. It is located at 1133 Fourth Street. On March 22, 1984, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>This three-story, "L"-shaped plan, stucco and cast stone Mediterranean Revival building was designed by Dwight James Baum as the Broadway or El Vernona Apartments, named for the wife of Owen Burns, the developer. Today it is commonly known as the Belle Haven. The reinforced concrete and hollow-tile construction complex was built by Ricketts and Haworth, owned by the Burns Realty Company and opened for occupancy in March 1926. The construction permit was issued for the complex by the end of October 1925 and construction materials were received by the contracting firm by December of the same year. By March 1926 the fifty-five-room complex of twenty furnished apartments was ready for occupancy and the total cost of the complex was $250,000.</p><br>
<p>The site of the apartment complex overlooking Sarasota Bay, marked the northern gateway of the Broadway Development, which included the El Vernona Hotel (later known as John Ringling Towers), the Burns Realty complex, and the new headquarters of the Sarasota Times newspaper. The Broadway development was spearheaded by Owen Burns, who commissioned the architect Dwight James Baum to design the hotel, offices, and apartment for his development. The area was well-planned and unified by the selection of the Mediterranean Revival Style for all new buildings. In addition to the Broadway buildings, the architect Dwight James Baum designed the residence, Ca d&#39;Zan for John Ringling that also was built by Burns, and the Sarasota County Courthouse. The Broadway or El Vernona Apartments are significant for architectural design and associations with the nationally renowned architect Dwight James Baum and the locally significant developer, Owen Burns. The Broadway Apartment is the most architecturally-intact Baum-designed building in Sarasota.</p><br>
<h2>Dwight James Baum</h2><br>
<p>The architect of record, Dwight James Baum, a prominent New York architect who was graduated from the University of Syracuse in Architecture in 1909, also designed the Ca d Zan for John Ringling, the Sarasota County Courthouse, and various residential buildings for other Owen Burns development sites. Following the collapse of the real estate market in Sarasota, Baum worked as a consultant for the "Good Housekeeping" magazine.</p><br>
<p>The El Vernona Apartments (Belle Haven Apartments) were locally designated by the city of Sarasota in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Sarasota Municipal Auditorium, also known as the Municipal Auditorium-Recreation Club, is a historic multi-purpose facility built in 1938. It is owned and operated by the municipal government of Sarasota, Florida. The auditorium has 10,000 ft&sup2; of potential exhibit space on its main floor and also contains an unusual Art Deco style stage measuring 1,500 ft&sup2;. It has been used for many community functions and recreational activities and is located on a large parcel of public land that is reserved for civic uses. It has also been known as the Sarasota Exhibition Hall or the Sarasota Civic Center Exhibition Hall. The auditorium and its outdoor recreational facilities are located at 801 Tamiami Trail North, within easy walking distance of the urban core of the city and its nearby high-rise downtown residences. On February 24, 1995, the complex was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building has a barrel vaulted roof. The structure contains a generous amount of glass block in its eastern elevation that provides natural lighting for the interior of the large building, especially needed because of lighting issues related to a vault structure. Typically, the design of the auditorium is described as Modrene and Art Deco, but elements of the design also suggest the International Style that is associated with the Bauhaus.</p><br>
<p>The solid hardwood maple floor in the building contributes to the atmosphere, acoustics, and comfort for all attending events, dances, and concerts.</p><br>
<p>It is a site that is used by more than 100,000 visitors a year as they attend banquets, charrettes for long-range planning, civic meetings, concerts, dances, events for teenagers, fund raising events, health lectures, homecoming events, political forums, proms and galas, training seminars, and wedding receptions.</p><br>
<p>The auditorium is the voting location for three precincts during all official elections that may be accessed readily by many seniors living in nearby buildings. The venue also provides them access to educational programs, entertainment, exhibits, recreation, and shows. Several days are booked most weeks for exhibits and shows that support antique sales, art exhibits, auctions, coin shows, conventions, flea markets, flower and gardening shows, gem and jewelry shows, seminars, and stamp collection and sales exhibits.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The concept of a bay front park and municipal auditorium for Sarasota was first conceived in 1935. During 1936, the municipal government obtained the 37 acre parcel from a private company that owed $15,000.00 in taxes on the site. Citizens, politicians, and city employees began the effort to secure a federal Work Projects Administration (WPA) Grant for the center.</p><br>
<p>The federal government granted the sum of $131,000 toward the project and work began in July 1937. Skilled labor was paid for by the municipal general fund and common labor was paid for by the WPA. Several local business and civic leaders donated funds to the construction as well. Records in the archives of the Sarasota County History Center indicate that $10,000.00 was raised in one drive for donations from residents that created a loan to speed the construction. This was a project to benefit the residents and it was built by their efforts, donations, and labor.</p><br>
<p>The auditorium was opened on February 24, 1938 with great fanfare and used for the annual Sara de Soto Celebration that was sponsored by the Sarasota Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Three thousand attended the celebration.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Art Deco and Moderne styles by Chicago architects, Thomas Reed Martin and Clarence A. Martin. Thomas Reed Martin was dubbed as one of the builders of Sarasota because of the numbers of buildings that came out of the ground following his plans. His first contract after his arrival in 1911 was remodeling “the Oaks” residence for none other than Bertha Palmer, one of the largest land holders and developers of the Sarasota region during the early 20th century. She also was a major promoter of tourism and the innovator of many industries that helped Sarasota to prosper. Martin made the original sketches for the Mable and John Ringling residence, Cà d&#39;Zan, although his design was not executed.</p><br>
<p>He designed more than five hundred homes in the Sarasota area, ranging from "Floridian" homes to the use of glass block and formed concrete in later compositions and his work often reflected modern streamlined forms embellished with Mediterranean Revival features. All of the latter characteristics are found in the Municipal Auditorium. Some of Martin’s 1920s work included residences for Dr. Fred Albee, a surgeon and real estate developer; John J. McGraw, manager of the New York Giants baseball team; and Samuel W. Gumpertz, a successful showman.</p><br>
<p>Freeman H. Horton was the engineer for the project and designed the truss system that supports the barrel-vaulted roof. Horton also collaborated with Thomas Reed Martin on recreational structures such as boathouses, pools, landscaping, and walkways. When the auditorium was constructed, the property had waterfront access and boating was a significant activity from the recreation center. Later, dredge and fill extended the shoreline farther westward.</p><br>
<h2>Dedicated to recreation and public uses</h2><br>
<p>At the time of its planning the Sarasota mayor, E. A. Smith, announced plans to construct "one of the finest recreation centers in the South” on the public property.</p><br>
<p>Ida and John Chidsey donated funding for the construction of a second floor for the Recreation Club at the western end of the auditorium. That portion of the facility contained a lounge area, a recreation room, and a card room&mdash;all of which continue to be used today for clubs and meetings.</p><br>
<p>The recreation center was dedicated in January 1940. North of the building, facilities for shuffleboard, lawn bowling, and tennis were built. The tennis courts have been relocated, but the other facilities are in active use and their location fiercely defended by the associated leagues playing on the courts.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the auditorium served as the Army and Navy Club and was the preferred venue for hosted dances, graduations, and concerts. The Florida West Coast Symphony (now the Sarasota Orchestra) performed in the facility from its inception in 1949 until the 1969 opening of the Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall that was constructed at the bay front of the same large public parcel. Moderate fees charged by the municipality have enabled charities to sponsor fund raising events that would not be profitable after booking comparable private facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural landmark for Sarasota</h2><br>
<p>The auditorium quickly became a landmark in the community, being a significant building that was constructed at the crest of a small hill.</p><br>
<p>It initiated the community efforts to develop a civic and cultural center for public uses along the bay and marked the urban boundary of downtown for visitors entering from the north along Tamiami Trail, a major thoroughfare now designated as a portion of USA Route 41 and one of the most well-traveled roads in Sarasota, which hosts over a million tourists annually.</p><br>
<p>At the entry of the auditorium was an electrically-illuminated fountain designed by the son of the auditorium&#39;s original architect.Sarasota History Alive! - transcription of a historical marker erected by the Sarasota County Historical Commission</p><br>
<h2>Historical renovation began in 1992</h2><br>
<p>The building had been renovated during the 1970s and many of the historic features were hidden by more modern features designed by the Sarasota School architect, Jack West. The front façade was covered over and a large canopy installed to extend beyond the sidewalk in front of the building. The glass blocks were covered. Numerous changes to the interior were made that later were reversed in an extensive restoration of the interior of the building.</p><br>
<p>During the 1980s a historic preservationist working for the city purchasing director Bob Gerkin, whose department oversaw the hall, pressed for the listing of the building in the national register. After being won over, Gerkin even encouraged an effort to fund the restoration of the building to its original state. Under the direction of local architects and planners, restoration work by local builders began in 1992. The building was restored to its 1937 condition under the direction of architects, Gary B. Hoyt and Jeff Hole. On October 13, 1994 the municipal government sponsored a gala and dinner dance to raise funds for the restoration and to celebrate the re-dedication of the building. Profits from the donations of three hundred and thirty-two attendees went to the restoration.</p><br>
<p>Funding for the major historic restoration of the building was achieved through a combination of governmental efforts that included the state Bureau of Historic Preservation, the Historic Preservation Advisory Council, and the municipal government of Sarasota. Many volunteers donated work on the restoration planning and many citizens attended planning sessions with great enthusiasm. The Municipal Auditorium was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The work was completed in 1997. The interior of the building was restored carefully and stands as an example of dedicated restoration efforts. The distinctive glass blocks not only were uncovered, but were reinforced with building techniques not in existence at the time of the original construction. The exterior was returned to its original status as well and may be compared closely to historic postcards and photographs of the building produced shortly after its opening.</p><br>
<p>Tourists have mailed images of this historic building home throughout the numerous decades of its existence as a souvenir of some of their favorite activities in Sarasota. It is one of the most popular postcards of Sarasota.</p><br>
<p>The Municipal Auditorium is one of few remaining buildings in Sarasota of the Art Deco or Moderne style and it is the most easily recognized and used public venue in the downtown because of its easy access and plentiful parking. According to its manager, during 2010 the auditorium will be self-sufficient through its bookings with revenue projections of $376,813. The previous year it required only minimal subsidies, being the type of community benefit appreciated most by taxpayers and considered quite a bargain for the community.</p><br>
<p>Given the extensive use by all factions of the city, any subsidy ever required for the building has been accepted readily by the taxpayers. Annually, the facility draws 100,000 attendees to its bookings and numerous events.</p><br>
<p>This historic landmark is treasured in the community as a visible link that bridges the past and present where people gather frequently for events and recreation.</p><br>
<p>Since most beloved historic buildings in the community have fallen under the wrecking balls driven by private development, a 2010 proposal to convert the building with interior demolition and reconstruction for academic, commercial, and, essentially, industrial uses that would prevent public access under an exclusive, dollar-a-year contract to a well-endowed private institution that is located a mile and a quarter away from the site, raised an alarm in the community that promised to unite many diverse factions into unified opposition to the proposed take-over of the building.</p><br>
<p>Ranging from Internet websites to newspapers&mdash;in articles, blogs, forums, letters, polls, and postings&mdash;the broad-based opinion, expressed consistently, was to retain the municipal auditorium as a much used and appreciated civic facility for continued public use and to consider alternatives elsewhere that might be appropriate for the proposed private institutional use.</p><br>
<p>Many attempts to introduce private re-development within this large parcel designated for civic and public uses have failed when brought before the voters and their elected officials, but none have been opposed with such immediate and broad-based opinions as this proposal.</p><br>
<p>The prospect of barring the public from traditional uses of the popular auditorium and destruction of its distinctive and historic interior made the take-over proposal unlikely to garner approval when many ready alternatives for the proposed industrial use exist nearby in the community and much nearer to the institution proposing the take-over, but prohibitive engineering issues noted by a local historic preservationist in public testimony before the city commission on April 5 soon were cited as the basis of the withdrawal of the proposal, which was submitted to the commissioners on April 16 before extensive pursuit of the take-over.</p><br>
<h2>Hazzard Fountain returned to site in 1996</h2><br>
<p>In 1940, an electrically-illuminated fountain was donated to the Municipal Auditorium by R. P. Hazzard, a shoe manufacturer from Gardner, Maine. The cost of the fountain and its installation amounted to $8,000. The fountain was designed by Frank Martin, whose father, Thomas, designed the auditorium. Louis Larsen, one on the country&#39;s most skilled artisans, built the Hazzard Fountain. This fountain was then declared the "crown jewel" of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The Hazzard Fountain has been moved several times and placed in a variety of settings. Due to a widening of Tamiami Trail the fountain was removed from its original location, stored for years, and next placed at the entrance to the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art during the late 1970s. After a few years on that site, however, it was removed by a new museum director and, again, placed in storage.</p><br>
<p>Another move in 1995 resulted in a "dream come true", the Hazzard Fountain returned home&mdash;once again. The re-dedication of the fountain was held on January 6, 1996 at the Municipal Auditorium. It was a public event attended by many citizens and visitors.</p><br>
<p>The Art Deco style fountain is unique, being thought the only one of its kind still in public ownership in the country today. The current site of the fountain is parallel to the front entrance, but east of parking for the complex, on the landscaped area close to historic Tamiami Trail.</p><br>
<h2>Several levels of historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The Municipal Auditorium in Sarasota was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1995 and the complex is cited for historic designation on several levels. Foremost among them, because of its architecture and engineering features, as well as for its use as an auditorium. Entertainment and recreation, along with community planning and development are aspects cited as its area of historical significance in the community. Its function in the community also is cited as historical because of its uses for recreation and culture. The importance of its historic uses as a public auditorium and for outdoor and indoor recreation, therefore, are cited as significant for its designation, as well as the more typical architectural and engineering features of most designations.</p><br>
<p>The extensive and meticulous restoration of its unusual interior features makes the building especially significant to the community and its history.</p><br>
<p>Given the historical listing for the auditorium and all of the criteria justifying the nomination, re-dedication of the structure for private use might have threatened its historical significance and eligibility for its classification as historic.</p><br>
